METHODS AND RESULTS OF TORONTO OBSERVATIONS. 77 



Similar results have been obtained from a comparison with the 

 temperature ranges at Kew and Utrecht, as well as in the magnetic 

 declination ranges at Kew, Prague and Travendrum. 



Evidence has been adduced to show that the phase of a given 

 meteorological inequality is not the same at different stations, but 

 that the maximum or any other salient point reaches Kew about 

 eight days after it has appeared in Toronto, and Utrecht about a day 

 and a half after it has appeared at Kew. 



A similar progress from west to east, but only quicker, is sus- 

 pected in what may be called magnetic weather. 



In conclusion Professor Stewart says the evidence tends not 

 only to show that solar variations of short period exist, but to render 

 it possible, if not probable, that they are the cause of temperature 

 range periods of similar length, in such a way that a maximum amount 

 of spots corresponds to a maximum and not a minimum temperature 

 range, or in other words denotes, in all probability, an accession of 

 solar energy and not a diminution thereof. 



The fact, then, may be admitted as established that there are 

 fluctuations in the meteorological and magnetic conditions of the 

 earth, which have epochs coincident with disturbances in the solar 

 atmosphere and that the major period is approximately eleven years. 

 It has also been determined that both magnetic and meteorologi- 

 cal weather travel from west to east. The magnetic weather (as we 

 may call it) preceding the meteorological, and it remains tor con- 

 tinued careful observation and study to develop results which may 

 be of the greatest practical utility, for if the laws which govern the 

 relations between magnetism, solar spots and terrestrial meteorology 

 were once established, the magnetic needle would take its place as 

 one of the instruments to be carefully watched in making weather 

 predictions, extending over comparatively longer periods than we 

 are at present able to attempt. 



I shall now endeaver to describe the magnetic instrumental 

 appliances in use at the' Toronto Observatory. 



Besides the instrument used for making the absolute determina- 

 tions, we have two sets of differential instruments, one for noting the 

 changes by direct eye observation, and the other recording by aid of 

 photography, the changes which take place in the magnetic elements. 



The changes in declination are measured by means of a magnet 



