SUPERFICIAL GEOLOGY OF DUNDAS VALLEY. 1 05 



das, when the more westerly escarpments turns slightly east, to the 

 village of Copetown, where it approaches within a mile and a quar- 

 ter of the eastern side of the valley. From Copetown this western 

 escarpment turns in a westerly direction and disappears. These 

 measurements are from a map made by Mr. T. C. Keefer, in 1859. 

 This map is on a scale of two inches to the mile. 



Where, or at what elevation, these escarpments join each other, 

 has not yet been determined. Sir William Logan in his Geology of 

 Canada, published in 1863, says, " It is not, however, certain where 

 it (the Niagara Formation) folds over the Dundas anticlinal, there 

 being no exposures whatever upon the axis. The most western ap- 

 pearance of the upper part of the formation, on the south side of 

 the anticlinal occurs in the vicinity of Ancaster ; the most western on 

 the opposite side, about two miles north of Ancaster, on the third lot 

 of the first range of Flamboro' West. It may be inferred from the 

 trend of the formation on each side, and from the general shape of 

 the country, that its summit would fold over the axis of the anticlin- 

 al on the line between the townships of Ancaster and Beverly, at 

 about the thirty-fourth lot. 



The portion of the valley from Burlington Heights to the town 

 of Dundas, is to a considerable extent, occupied by Dundas Marsh. 

 Between the marsh and the detritus at the foot of the escarpment on 

 both sides, there is a tract of raised level country lying at a general 

 elevation of about eighty feet above the level of the lake on the east- 

 ern side, and, a perhaps somewhat higher elevation on the western 

 side. The level plain on the eastern side is here and there cut 

 through to the blue Erie clay, by streams of recent origin. On the 

 western side, the country rises by broad successive steps to the foot 

 of the escarpment. The western side is also peculiar in the absence 

 of streams of any size, and also their fewness in number. The com- 

 position of this level plain appears to be chiefly beds of clay and silt 

 in alternate layers, with patches of conglomerate in places. 



The division from Dundas to Copetown, lies on a much higher 

 plain, rising by steps to the summit of the valley. 



Passing up the valley we come to the second elevation about a 

 quarter of a mile beyond Binkley's Corner, on the Hamilton and An- 

 caster road. This elevation, which is about twenty feet higher than 

 the general level of the second division, stretches in a semicircular 



