106 SUPERFICIAL GEOLOGY OF DUNDAS VALLEY. 



form with its concave side looking down the valley, from' the Ham- 

 ilton or eastern side, crossing the public road, passing through Mr. 

 Hatt's farm and coming to an end in the heavy clay beds near Dun- 

 das. This level is very much cut up by deep ravines ; showing on 

 their sides in many places, gravel terraces or levels of resting places of 

 the waters of the lake in former places. From this point to the upper 

 end of the valley the district rises in quick stages. This district to- 

 wards the head of the valley, is much cut up by streams, and show- 

 ing a generally broken surface. The hills between the streams lie 

 in positions so that their long axis points in the direction of the long 

 axis of the valley. Several, and indeed most of these hills, show dis- 

 tinct traces of two or more terraces or old beaches, and being in 

 every case rounded on the top. Some of the hills are cone shaped, 

 and this the more so, the nearer the head of the valley is approached. 

 In composition, these hills, are for the most part clay of a whitish 

 yellow color, lying upon beds of a stiff blue clay, or bluish sand. 

 The yellow clay shows little or no signs of stratification, in any man- 

 ner. The cone, or rounded hills, near the head of the valley, con- 

 sist to a great extent, of drift sand or silt, and some few being of fine 

 gravel mixed with reddish colored silt. Many of them have all the 

 characteristics of sand dunes, the sand being apparently blown sand. 

 A number of these hills in this division contain beds of conglomerate 

 The height of land closing the head of the valley proper, and 

 separating the drainage system of Dundas valley, from that of Fair- 

 child's Creek, and the Grand River, is composed largely of coarse, 

 washed or beach sand, with broken shales in some parts. On the 

 road leading from Ancaster to Jerseyville, on the farm of Mr. J. Crys- 

 ler, there is a fine exposure of these gravel or sand beds. Here, the 

 sand is distinctly stratified, lying at a high angle and dipping east- 

 ward, or down the valley. The angle of beds, to the west, or to- 

 wards the head of the ridge, being the highest (about 40 degrees). 

 Passing east, the beds gradually assume a more horizontal position 

 until they merge into the general level. Again, on the line of the 

 next concession road to the north, and about a mile and a half, or 

 two miles, further west, there is an exposure of beds of the same 

 material dipping at a low angle to the west. This second exposure 

 is on the southern border of a large swamp. On the northern border of 

 this swamp, and still on the western side of the height of land the ridge 



