ii4 



SUPERFICIAL GEOLOGY OF DUNDAS VALLEY. 



are fewer streams on the west, there being only three or four large 

 brooks, contrasted with the numerous small streams on the other 

 side. The quantity of talus or detritus is much greater on the West 

 Flamboro' side of the valley, than on the Hamilton. So extensive is 

 this detritus in some places, that it completely covers the rocky 

 escarpment. 



Section of clay beds near Copetown showing old channel in the blue clay. 



A. Yellowish clay. 



B. Blue clay. 



C. Gravel. 



This section is contorted to show more clearly the position of the gravel. 

 The division from Copetown to Dundas is to a great extent, 

 covered by heavy clay drift, the rock bedding only breaking through 

 here and there, and showing mostly the upper strata of the Niagara 

 group. In this division the drift is composed of two heavy unstrati- 

 fied clay beds. The clay of the upper bed is of a light color, and 

 lies unconformably upon the blue clay of the lower division. The 

 light-colored clay is very thick, in some places showing an exposure 

 of between eighteen and twenty feet. 



" Colour is of little value in determining the division of clays 

 into beds, as many of the dark brown and blue clays when exposed 

 to the air and dry, assume light tints." In this. district, however, the 

 blue and light clays are separated by a strongly marked line of a 

 broken or waving form. The shape of the dividing line looks as if 

 the upper surface of the blue beds had been exposed for some length 

 of time, and had been subjected to the action of running water before 

 the upper bed of light clay was laid down. 



In some places there are considerable quantities of gravel and 

 small boulders mixed with the clay ; in others, both the beds are com- 

 paratively free from stones of any description. The gravel is mostly 



