SUPERFICIAL GEOLOGY OF DUNDAS VALLEY. 1 33 



A little to the west of Ancaster, wells to the depths varying from 

 30 to 90 feet have been dug through sand, gravel and hardpan, and 

 in one place clay. One well near the top of the ridge was bored 

 about 190 feet through sands, gravels and clays. 



The gravel beds covering the end or the upper escarpment in 

 this district are about 200 feet in thickness. 



In the village of Ancaster, although the rock appears upon the 

 surface in places, there is a ridge of sand more than 40 feet in thick, 

 ness. It has been pierced to that depth without touching rock. 



Passing over the height of land, and toward the west, we have 

 seen that outside of the belt of sand and gravel surmounting this 

 Height of land, there are large beds of clay interstratified with the 

 beds of silt. Generally these beds have a stratified appearance. In 

 many places the beds present regular strata or whitish yellow and 

 reddish clays, in layers of from half an inch to one inch in thickness. 

 This arrangement is particularly marked on the banks overlooking 

 the Grand river between Middleport and Onondago. These clays 

 lie at a lower level than the sand ridge. At the village of Alberton 

 they are about 465 leet above Lake Ontario, and at a mile or so to 

 the east they have an elevation of about 480 feet. 



I regret I am not able to say accurately what the elevation of 

 Middleport or Onondaga is, but from the general elevation and run 

 of the streams I would estimate these places to be nearly 400 feet 

 above Lake Ontario. They may be a few feet less, but not enough 

 to make any material difference in our present calculations. 



The records of deep wells bored in this district are very scant. 

 Although there are numerous wells dug, they generally do not exceed 

 12 or 15 feet, some few being from 30 to 50 feet in depth. 



One at Onondaga, 78 feet ; one on Lot 32 of the sixth con- 

 cession of Ancaster, over a hundred feet ; and one on Lot 31 of the 

 fourth concession of the same township, no feet. 



In Onondaga Township, a well bored 50 feet was stopped by 

 reaching rock. Placing these wells in a tabulated form, we see at a 

 glance what the general features of the underground portion of this 

 district are. 



