138 SUPERFICIAL GEOLOGY OF DUNDAS VALLEY. 



towards the lake in the same manner as the gravel beds of the upper 

 deposits. From all that is at present known concerning these beds, 

 it is not very safe to say how they may slope, or how far their strati- 

 fication may be depended on. 



Third — That these gravel beds were laid down prior to the gla- 

 cier period is also borne out by the position of the clay beds found 

 on Lot 40, or on top of what must at one time have been a fall in the 

 course of the stream passing through the valley. At the place where 

 sandstone was struck in boring, clay containing fragments of lime- 

 stone was found resting upon the rock, while in different places of 

 the same lot this clay was underlaid by sand. The same thing 

 occurs in the course of the Niagara, and we may assume that this 

 place in which the clay was found resting upon the rock was subject 

 to a strong current which prevented the sand from gathering in its 

 course, while the comparative quiet at the banks of the river allowed 

 accumulation of beds of sand and gravel to be formed. Near the 

 Height of Land, at the head of the valley, these underlying sands 

 and gravels are found in dositions leaving the observer to infer that, 

 previous to the depositon of the last beds of clay at least, a stream 

 of considerable magnitude passed down toward the valley and over 

 the rock bedding on Lot 40. 



DRAINAGE SYSTEMS. 



This district appears to have two systems of drainage, an upper 

 and lower. In the valley, both systems are draining in one direction. 

 In the district, around the head of the valley, the superficial system 

 carries the water to the Grand river, while the underground or deep- 

 seated system apparently carries its water towards the Dundas 

 valley. 



I am aware that the evidence to be adduced in support of this 

 theory is very meagre and consists chiefly in the nature of the waters 

 shown in the different wells and springs throughout the region. 



Numerous sulphur springs are found, stretching from the Onon- 

 daga group, at Paris, down toward the head of the valley. 



One peculiarity of these springs is, that they are only found in 

 certain band-like tracts, and are always more or less deeply seated 

 springs. 



The superficial waters on the margin of this band are perfectly 



