RECENT FRESHWATER INVESTIGATIONS 309 



mically ruled paper Scourfield (97a) was able to represent 

 extreme ranges in number of organisms while at the same time 

 proportionate changes in number are indicated by lines having 

 the same angle of slope in whatever part of the chart they may 

 be situated. 



The freshwater stations of the world have not all been 

 founded within the last five years. Yet only the Swiss and 

 Bohemian stations can be said really to antedate this, and even 

 then much of their important work comes within this period. 

 As to what constitutes a "station" and what each has accom- 

 plished I have spoken in another place,* and shall refer here 

 only briefly to such articles concerning the origin, manage- 

 ment and functions of those formal enterprises as would not 

 easily be included under other headings. A general account of 

 such institutions is given by Lampert (98), and for America by 

 Kofoid (98b). Scourfield' s appeal (96, 97) for the foundation 

 of a British station, and Fric's presentation (97) of Europe's 

 example contrast well the position of the two countries in this 

 movement. 



The oldest definite station in Europe, the Bohemian, is 

 described in Fric and Yavra (94, 97). The Plon station and 

 its opportunities are set forth in Klunziger (96), Zacharias 

 (93, 94, et alia), Zschokke (95a). Other German stations are 

 noted by Woltersdorff (96), Frenzel (95). In Hungary, Entz 

 (97), and in Russia Zograf (97) record similar enterprises. In 

 Italy Garbini's long and successful investigations on Lake 

 Garda entitle that station to a high rank. In North America 

 work on the Great Lakes is recorded by Reighard (93), on 

 Lake Mendota by Birge (95, 97), on Gull Lake, Minn., by 

 McMillan (93), Nachtrieb (94), Zacharias (94b), and on Turkey 

 Lake by Eigenmann (95). The work of the Illinois station at Ha- 

 vana, the most extensive American enterprise of this character 

 thus far, is fully set forth in the reports of the director (Forbes, 

 94, 97) which are inspiring appeals to limnobiologic investiga- 

 tion. Other references to this station are Kofoid (96 a), Ross (97b) 



* Science, n. s., ix, 497-508. 



