318 HENRY B. WARD: 



ing upon this topic are Mrazek (95), Weltner (96) and Yavra 

 (97). Poppe and Mrazek (95) treat of nearly the same terri- 

 tory and Weber (97) deals with African faunal regions based 

 on a study of the fishes, decapod crustaceans and mollusks. 

 The work of Moore in Central Africa is considered under the 

 fauna relicta. Concerning island faunas Barrois (96) and 

 Richard (96b) report from the Azores and Richard (98) from 

 the Canaries. The species are mostly cosmopolitan or known 

 from adjacent portions of Africa and Europe. 



Single brief reports characterize also our knowledge of the 

 South American freshwater fauna, from the west Borelli, from 

 the east Dahl, Ihering, Frenzel ('.'lb) and Richard (97b), and 

 from the south Yavra (98), with a single note on South Georgia 

 from Poppe and Mrazek (95a). 



In Europe extreme northern points are noted in Richard 

 (98a), Bcourfield (97b) and Wesenberg-Lund (94). Lauterborn 

 (94a) on the fauna of Helgoland, Scott and Duthie on that of 

 the Shetland [slands, Scott on Scotland, Western, Scourfield 

 andfSoar on England and "Wales, and Hanitsch and Hood on 

 Ireland, record the advance in knowledge from these regions. 

 From Norway, Wille and II uitfeldt-Kaas, and from Finland, 

 Levander, Nordenskiold and Stenroos are noted. 



From Germany, Schmeil, Piersig, Lampert (98) and Apstein 

 (96) arc of general import: more limited in area is the work of 

 Zacharias, Apstein (93) and others from Holstein; Hartwig, 

 Frenzel and others from Central Germany; Lauterborn from 

 the Rhine; Lameere from Belgium; Klapalek, Svec, and Fric 

 and Yavra from Bohemia; Jaworowski and Wierzejski (93, 

 95) from Galicia; Daday, Entz, France, Yangel, and others 

 from Hungary; Schmeil (93a, H-h, Lorenzi, Steuer and Richard 

 (itt'.ai from the eastern Alps, and Yavra (93) and Richard (97) 

 from Bulgaria and Albania. The Russian articles, probably 

 exceedingly incompletely recorded, are Zograf (96) and Butsch- 

 inskv (96 



No region has been more carefully studied than Switzerland 

 ami the Alps. The work of Imhof (95a) and especially of 



