1895.] D. Pram — Some additional Papaveracese. 303 



Noviciaa Indicaa IX. Some additional Papaveracea?. — By D. Pkain. 

 [Read August, 7th.] 

 The account of this natural order in the Flora of British India 

 (i. 116-119) was published 23 years ago (May 1872). Since that 

 date a number of forms nevv to the Indian area have been communica- 

 ted to the Calcutta Herbarium from the various frontiers of the 

 Empire. Some of these require to be added to the Indian Flora, not 

 because they were unknown when the first volume of the Flora of 

 British India was published — a few of them as a matter of fact are 

 included in the Flora Indica published by Drs. Hooker and Thomson 

 in 1855, which included in its purview the area beyond the north-west 

 frontier comprising Beluchistan and Afghanistan that is excluded from 

 the scope of the later work — but owing to extension of Indian territory 

 towards the north-west during the past quarter of a century. In the 

 present paper it is proposed to provide diagnoses of those forms in as 

 nearly as may be the style of the diagnoses in the Flora of British India ; 

 to obviate the possibility of confusion between the forms now described 

 and those given in the Flora, keys have been prepared showing the 

 relationships of all the Indian species in each genus. 



To assure himself of the probable validity of the species here pro- 

 posed as new, and of the accuracy of the nomenclature of those previ- 

 ously described, the writer has compared examples of each with the 

 material of the order contained in a number of European collections. 

 He has also had the advantage of the use of the material in Herb. 

 Saharaupur kindly placed at his disposal by Mr. Duthie, that in Herb. 

 Zurich kindly lent by his friend Prof. Schinz and that in the private 

 collection of Mr. C. B. Clarke kindly lent by its owner. For facilities 

 in consulting the public Herbaria at Kew, the British Museum, Paris and 

 Geneva, the writer has to thank Mr. Dyer, Mr. Carruthers, M. Ed. Bureau, 

 and Dr. J. Mueller respectively ; while for permission to study the mate- 

 rial in their magnificent private collections, he is deeply indebted to M. 

 Casimir de Candolle and M. Barbey-Boissier of Geneva, and to M. Drake 

 del Castillo of Paris. And for assistance and advice most ungrudg- 

 ingly given during his study of these Indian species, the writer would 

 wish to thank many friends, but more especially M. Casimir de Can- 

 dolle, Geneva ; M. Ad. Franchet, Paris ; Dr. Batalin, St. Petersburg • 

 and Surgn.-Captn. Cummins, Army Medical Staff. 



The limitation of genera, at all times a subject of discussion, is 

 particularly perplexing among Thalamifloral orders ; the difficulties 

 that beset the student of Papaveracese in particular are many and 

 great. A complete review of these difficulties could only be appropriate 



