386 L. de Niceville & Dr. L. Mnr bin— Butterflies of Sumatra. [No. 3, 



81. Ypthima Philomela, Johanssen. 



Snellen as hiibneri. Hagen as hiibneri. Distant as hubneri. Com- 

 mon everywhere in the plains like Y. baldus, Fabricius. I follow 

 Mr. Moore in my identification of this species (Lep. Indica, vol. ii, p. 74, 

 pi. ex, fig. 4, male (J 893), which he records from Sumatra. It is of small 

 size, has six ocelli in pairs on the underside of the hindwing, and has an 

 inconspicuous patch of androconia on the upperside of the forewing. The 

 Y. huebneri of Kirby, under which name the present species has apparently 

 been recorded by three writers from Sumatra, is quite a distinct species, 

 with no " male-mark," and with four ocelli only placed one and three, and 

 does not appear to occur in the island. The Y. tabella of Marshall, from 

 South India and Burma, of which the type specimen is in my collection, 

 appears to me to be the same as Y. philomela of Johanssen. Mr. Elwes 

 in his monograph of the genus Ypthima places the " Papilio " philomela, 

 Johanssen, as a synonym of Y. baldus, Fabricius, but with a query. 

 He gives Y. tabella as a certain synonym of Y. baldus. Nowhere does 

 Mr. Elwes refer to the Y. philomela of Linnaaus. All Mr. Moore says 

 about it is that it is quite distinct from Y. hiibneri, Kirby, and has 

 six ocelli on the hindwing disposed in three pairs (Lep. Ind., vol. ii, p. 81). 

 I am, therefore, quite in the dark as to how Y. philomela, Johanssen, 

 and Y. philomela, Linnams, are supposed to differ. Mr. Moore gives 

 the Y. philomela of Hiibner as a synonym of Y. huebneri, Kirby. 



82. Ypthima pandocds, Moore. 



Snellen. Hagen. Distant as corticaria. Occurs in Sumatra only 

 on the Central Plateau of the Battak mountains at an elevation of not less 

 than 3,000 feet. Mr. Moore retains Y. corticaria, Butler, as a distinct 

 species ; I quite agree with Mr. Elwes in placing it as a synonym of 

 Y. pandocus. Mr. Distant treats Y. corticaria as a " var." of Y. pandocus. 



83. Ypthima pasciata, Hewitson. 



Hewitson. Grose Smith. Distant. Kirby. Elwes. Decidedly 

 rare, occurs only in the forests of the lower hills rarely at Namoe Oekor, 

 but never at a lower elevation. Like the species of Mycalesis all the 

 species of Ypthima are not as fond of the sun as most other butterflies, 

 and fly on rainy days. They are partial to flowers, and will even go to 

 high shrubs when in blossom, which Mycalesis will never do. 



84. Ragadia crisia, Hiibner. 



Hewitson. Snellen. Hagen. Distant. A common species in the 

 plaius aud is found not only in the large and high forests, but also in- 

 young and not very high jungle with the ground covered with grass which 



