406 L. de Niceville & Dr. L. Martin — Butterflies of Sumatra. [No. 3, 



tytioides, de Niceville, while H. Carolines mimics Banais banksii, Moore. 

 So long as these Hestinas think themselves safe and unobserved their 

 flight closely resembles that of the Danainse, bnt as soon as they 

 scent danger they assume their proper rapid mode of flight, which 

 is like that of the males of species of Eypolimnas. So far females of 

 H. carolinse have only been obtained, that sex of E. nama not having 

 been captured in our area. The two species are undoubtedly distinct, 

 the differences between them being well pointed out by Heer P. C. T. 

 Snellen. They are very much rarer than is H. nama in the Himalayas. 



146. Herona sumatrana, Moore. 



H. sumatrana, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 308; id., do Niceville, 

 Journ. A. S. B., vol. lxiii, pt. 2, p. 5, n. 4, pi. iii, fig. 7, female (1S94). 



Moore. Grose Smith. Originally described from Sumatra. As 

 also in all other localities the Sumatran species of Herona is very rare. 

 In Deli it occurs from Selesseh to Bekantschan in March, July and 

 September, but only four or five specimens a year will be obtained 

 by all our collectors put together. On the wing it looks like an 

 Euthalia and has a similar flight, though it has the habit of settling on 

 tree trunks which Euthalias seldom or never do except when sucking up 

 the juice from a wound in the bark. 



147. Precis iphita, Cramer. 

 Snellen. Hagen. 



148. Precis ida, Cramer. 



Hagen. Semper. Both species of Precis are found throughout our 

 area and all the year round in ever following generations. P. iphita, 

 Cramer, is somewhat the rai'er, and is restricted to forests both large 

 and small, whereas P. ida is found more in open ground, mostly near 

 houses, in gardens, and in orchards, but never in forest. There are no 

 intermediate gradations between these two species in Deli. They have 

 a stronger and bolder flight than the species of Junonia which follow. 



149. Junonia almana, Linnaeus. 



Snellen as asterie. Grose Smith as asterie. Hagen as asterie. 

 Distant as asttrie. In my opinion /. almana and J. asterie, both of 

 Linnaeus, are one and the same species, the former being the dry- 

 season non-ocellated, the latter the wet-season ocellated form. Only 

 the latter is found in Sumatra, which accounts for that name being 

 used by all authors iu recording it from the island. As, however, almana 

 is the older name for the species, it has to be used, though it was 



