492 L. de Niceville & Dr. L. Martin — Butterflies of Sumatra. [No. 3, 



pupa, suspended by a white median girth, is green with a yellow 

 lateral streak and a very pointed head." 



" C. catilla is found only in the forest, the males on forest roads 

 on wet spots together with Lycsenidse and Papilioninse, but they form 

 the larger number of such congregations, and often occur in such large 

 crowds that dog-cart horses get frightened on approaching one of these 

 white spots on the road, which all at once flutters up into the air with 

 an audible sound. If driven away from these favourite spots, they fly 

 rapidly in Indian file up and down the forest roads, and fall in again 

 on the same spot when the danger is passed. C. catilla appears never 

 to be a destructive insect as is G. crocale at times. The antennas in 

 both sexes are distinctly red. The male has on the underside of both 

 wings at the termination of the discoidal cell some red spots, one in 

 the forewing, two in the hindwing, the latter with silvery centres. 

 The sexual tuft of hair is of a darker shade of yellow than in G. crocale, 

 and the whole colouring of the underside is of a dull, silky, or leather- 

 like gloss. There is also on the underside of the forewing a somewhat 

 obscure reddish band, commencing near the apex of the wing, and 

 extending towards the middle of the inner margin, ending on the 

 secoud median nervule. C. catilla also has two forms of female : — I, 

 the form figured by Distant on pi. xxv, fig. 15, which exhibits nu- 

 merous varieties as regards the extent of the reddish-brown colour 

 on the underside of both wings, there being all gradations from speci- 

 mens with very little red to quite dark ones. II, the second form is 

 on the upperside of both wings pale sulphur-yellow, and not dark 

 yellow as in the first form, and the costal and marginal black spots 

 on the upperside of both wings are not so distinct ; on the underside 

 there is never any reddish-brown colouring. This form is the rarer, 

 I have always obtained one of it to five of the other. I am 

 entirely ignorant of the larva, pupa, and food-plant of C. catilla ; 

 but as the larval stages of the two other Catopsilias occurring 

 in Sumatra, C. pyranthe, Linnaeus, and G. scylla, Linnaeus, which 

 I know very well, differ only slightly from those of G. crocale, it 

 may be anticipated that the early stages of C. catilla also possess the 

 same characteristics. G. crocale, G. pyranfhe, and C. scylla I have bred 

 ou different species of Cassia, so also G. catilla will probably be found 

 some day in the larval stage feeding on a Cassia growing in the forest." 



531. Catopsilia pykanthe, Linnaeus. 



Grose Smith. Snellen. Wallace. Hagen as pyranthe, pfiilippina 

 and chryseis. Distant as chryseis. The form of this species found in 

 Sumatra has in both sexes on the upperside of the forewing a broad 



