1895.] L. de NiceviHe & Dr. L. Martin — Butterflies of Sumatra. 501 



fignlina, Butler), rich, orange, or deep crimson, with an equally inconstant; 

 development of the black markings along the veins, and of the discal 

 fascia. The females also shew somewhat similar variations. Males are 

 not rare in large forest, and frequent wet spots on roads. Females are 

 very rare, Dr. Martin has only four specimens. It is found throughout 

 the year and over the whole of our area except at the higher elevations ; 

 even occurs near the sea, Dr. Martin having taken it at the Saentis 

 Estate. It flies very rapidly if pursued. The A. nebo, Grose Smith 

 and Kirby, Rhop. Ex., pi. Appias i, figs. 1, 2, mule (1894) described 

 from Upper Burma, and of which I possess both sexes from, the same 

 locality taken in April, is I believe only a spring dry-season form of 

 G. nero. Other synonyms of this species appear to be Tacliyris galba, 

 "Wallace, described from N". India ; Pieris domitia, Felder, described 

 from Luzon ; Pieris zamboanga, Felder, described from Mindanao ; 

 Pieris asterope, Felder, described from Luzon ; Appias mindanensis, 

 Butler, from Mindanao ; and perhaps the Tacliyris nero, var. palaivanica, 

 Staudinger, described from Palawan, is hardly separable. 



554. Catophaga hippo, Cramer. 



Grose Smith as enarete and lyncida. Hagen as lyncida and Mppo. 

 "Wallace. Staudinger as lyncida, var. Mppo. Distant as enarete, var. 

 C. lyncida was described and figured by Cramer from a male speci- 

 men, the habitat given being " Surinam," which, as in nearly all 

 similar cases, was probably a lapsus calami for Sumatra. C. hippo, 

 Cramer, was figured and described from a female specimen, the habitat 

 given is " The west coast of Sumatra." These two names may perhaps 

 represent opposite sexes of one and the same species ; but as Wallace 

 says that " Tacliyris" hippo " Is distinguished from its allies [" Papilio" 

 lyncida, &c] by the clear ochre-yellow colour of the under surface of 

 the lower wings in both sexes," I have used G. hippo for the species, 

 though C. lyncida is the older. The latter name applies to the Javan 

 form, which has the ground-colour of the underside of the hindwing 

 entirely white. The G. enarete of Boisduval was described from the 

 " Moluccas," probably in error, and is recorded by Dr. "Wallace from 

 Borneo, and may perhaps be kept distinct from C. hippo, as it has 

 the outer black margin to the hindwing on the underside in the 

 male broader than in that species. G. hippo in Sumatra is a con- 

 stant species, and does not exhibit the great seasonal dimorphism which is 

 found in the Indian forms. It is much commoner than G. nero, Fabri- 

 cius, and the females are not very rare. It is found thi^oughout the 

 year, but only in or near the forest. The males often assemble twenty 

 or thirty together on a small puddle on the road, the female is found in 



