1895.] L. de Niceville & Dr. L. Martin — Butterflies of Sumatra. 513 



it flies throughout the year on the Central Plateaus of Tobah and Karo 

 only rarely, the male even rarer than the female. Dr. Hagen has seen 

 it on the wing, and describes the flight as " memrcon-like ;" it fre- 

 quents the flowers of Pavetta. This butterfly as well as P. sycorax, 

 Grose Smith, by reason of their curious white wigs proved very attrac- 

 tive to the Malay collectors, so they awarded them the name " Kapala 

 Putih," which means " White Head." It may however have been 

 due to the fact that they received an exti-a douceur for every Kapala 

 Putih they caught that they took such interest in these two particular 

 species. 



579. Papilio (Pangerana) erebus, Wallace. 



P. erebus, Hagen, Iris, vol. vii, p. 26, n. 25, pi. i, fig. 2, larva (1894). 



Hagen as noctis and erebus. The P. noctis of Hewitson appears to 

 be a distinct species confined to Borneo. P. erebus occurs in Sumatra 

 throughout the year, as we have specimens caught in every month. 

 It is absolutely restricted to the forest, and even there does not go to 

 roads or rivers, but flies slowly through the thickest undergrowth, 

 where it avoids the net very cleverly by its highly irregular and erratic 

 flight, and by dodging amongst the bushes, consequently really perfect 

 specimens are hardly ever obtained. The males are much rarer than 

 the females, but may sometimes be caught on the borders of the forest 

 on the sweet smelling Veronica-like blue flower of a small tree. The 

 larva has been figured by Dr. Hagen, is brown with black markings, 

 the sixth and seventh segments with a white saddle-like band, and the 

 whole body is furnished with long fleshy tentacles very similar to those in 

 Troides. It feeds on a Piperacea called *' Dahoen Peandang" by the 

 Malays. Dr. Martin saw three larvae in Dr. Dohrn's possession in 

 February, 1895. The pupa, according to Dr. Hagen, is exactly like that 

 of the Javan P. nox, Swainson. 



580. Papilio (Araminta) demolion, Cramer. 



Grose Smith as demoleon [sic]. Snellen as demolion, Linnaeus 

 [sic]. Hagen. Wallace. Staudinger. Distant. Flies from March 

 to July in the forests of the outer hills, from Selesseh to south of 

 Bekantschan ; is rather rare in our area ; the males have a very quick 

 and restless flight and frequent flowers, on which they do not settle, 

 but abstract the honey while hovering. The larva feeds on Citrus, and 

 is very similar to that of P. polytes, Linnseus, but is of a darker 

 green colour. In Java it is very plentiful near Semarang. 



