IS95.] L. de Niceville & Dr. L. Martin — Butterflies of Sumatra. 515 



on roads. The larva feeds on different species of Citrus, the larva 

 and pupa being practically identical with those of P. helenus, so that it is 

 only when the imago emerges that one is able to know with certainty 

 which species is being bred. The pupal state lasts about a fortnight. 

 Rothschild records it from Sumatra as (6), P. nephelus satumus, Guerin, 

 (a 8 ), 9 -ab. albolineatus, Forbes. 



584. Papilio (Charus) diophantds, Grose Smith. 



P. diophantus, Grose Smith and Kirby, Rhop. Ex., vol. i, pi. Papilio i, figs. 4, 

 male ; 3, female (1887). 



Grose Smith. Uagen as diapliantus [sic]. 



Habitat : N".-E. Sumatra. 



Expanse: $,4 # 7 inches. 



Description : Female. Differs from the male in being larger. 

 Upperside, both wings paler. Forewing with a diffused discal macular 

 pale ochreous band from the inner margin to the lower diecoidal nervule. 

 Eindwing with the large quadrifid whitish patch of a deeper and more 

 ochreous colour than in the male, and continued to the abdominal margin 

 in a narrow decreasing deep ochreous band. Underside, both wings as 

 in the male. 



Restricted to Sumatra, and found, like P. forhesi, Grose Smith, 

 only on the Central Plateau not below 3,000 feet. The males on sandy 

 river beds throughout the year. The female is very rare, Dr. Martin 

 obtained two or three only in thirteen years. Messrs. Grose Smith and 

 Kirby say that their fig. 3 is taken from a female. If this is so (it 

 looks like a male) it differs greatly from the female described above 

 by me. 



585. Papilio (Jliades) memnon, Linnaeus. 



Grose Smith. Snellen. Hagen as memnon and esperi. Wallace. 

 Staudinger. Kirby. In Sumatra the female of this species is repre- 

 sented by four distinct forms : — 



I. Tailless, nearest to the male ; forewing with a red epaulette, 

 i.e., the base of the discoidal cell on the upperside is red ; the disc of the 

 forewing beyond the discoidal cell towards the apex is whitish, there 

 are all gradations from a few whitish streaks only between the veins 

 to a large apical white area bearing a few black streaks and crossed 

 by the black veins, the extreme apex of the wing is always dusky. 

 Abdomen quite black, with the exception of the extreme apex which 

 is yellow. This form from Sumatra is figured by Wallace in Trans. 

 Linn. Soc. Lond., Zoology, first series, vol. xxv, pi. i, fig. 3 (1865). 



II. Tailless; forewing with a creamy- white epaulette; the disc 

 J. ii 65 



