THE HAMILTON ASSOCIATION. 33 



Museum, places the appearance of the Hittites as early as 3800 

 B. C. From the inscription of Tiglath-Pileser I. we learn that 

 the Hittites were then threatening Assyria, and that they had to 

 be beaten back through a series of extensive campaigns. In one 

 part of this inscription Tiglath-Pileser I. says that he captured 

 "one hundred and twenty chariots fitted to the yoke," and in 

 another, "there fell into my hands altogether, between the 

 " commencement of my reign and my fifth year, forty-two countries 

 " with their kings, from beyond the river Zab to beyond 

 "the river Euphrates, the country of the Khatte (Hittites), and the 

 " upper ocean of the setting sun. I brought them under my gov- 

 " ernment. I placed them under the Magian religion, and I im- 

 " posed on them tribute and offerings." 



Great as was Tiglath-Pileser's victory, his stubborn foes did not 

 quietly submit to Assyrian dictation. Tiglath-Pileser's successors 

 were less fortunate, and were forced to continue the struggle against 

 the Hittites for four centuries. From the abundant materials 

 handed down to us, and throwing much light on the reign of Assur- 

 Nasir-Pal, we learn that this monarch conquered Lebanon, Tyre and 

 Sidon. The references to the Hittites are numerous, clear and im- 

 portant. From them we learn that Assur-Nasir-Pal defeated Car- 

 chemish, enriched himself with its booty, laid Gaza under tribute, 

 besieged Kanulua, which was unable to withstand the attack of 

 Assyria, and willingly paid a large ransom and gave hostages as a 

 pledge that it would keep the peace in days to come. The care- 

 ful reader of these inscriptions is struck with the fact of the Hittite 

 power being divided, and on the wane. 



This could scarcely be otherwise, because the Hittites were 

 divided into petty kingdoms, whereas their rivals, Egypt and Assyria, 

 were united forces, acting from central and intelligent motives. As- 

 syria seems to have attacked and subdued each of the Hittite Kings 

 in detail. It may have been local jealousies that led to this result, 

 or it may have resulted from the fact that no separate Hittite State 

 was powerful enough to force the others to gather around it, and 

 unitedly, as in the great battle of Megiddo against Egypt's hosts, to 

 oppose Assyria. 



Shalmaneser, the son and successor of Assur-Nasir-Pal, prose- 

 cuted the war against the Hittites. Most of his thirty cam- 

 paigns were conducted against the Hittites — campaigns that must 



