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and treated in the same manner. I may mention the following: 

 Orcynus brachyyterus, 0. germe, Thynnus thunnina, and Auxis 

 Bochei, all sea fishes, which periodically and successively visit 

 in large numbers different parts of our coasts : thus a precise 

 knowledge of the direction and epoch of such migrations was 

 necessary for establishing the localities and seasons where such 

 fisheries could advantageous^' be undertaken. The principal 

 thunny-fisheries on the Italian coasts {Tonnare and TonnareVe) 

 are : S Margherita (Liguria), Marciana and Enfola (Elba), Porto 

 S. Stefano (Tuscany), Bivona and Pizzo (Calabria), Portoscuso, 

 Portopaglia, Icola Piana, Calavignara, Flumentargiu, Alghero, 

 Saline, and Trabucato (Sardinia), Olivieri, S. Giorgio, Vaccaro 

 Pepe, Marsamemi, Capo Passaro, Favignana ad Formica (Sicily). 

 In the Adriatic thunnies are caught, but we know of no regular 

 Tonnara except that of Prelucca near Fiume. The methods 

 used in catching thunnies do not differ much, but the Tonnare 

 are of various size and extension; they consist of a series of 

 large chambers closed in by strong netting, the outer one opens 

 widely in the direction from which the migrating fish are to 

 come and so intercepts them, the inner or last chamber is 

 graphically called camera di morte — it can be shut off from 

 the rest and drawn up, and here the killing or mattanza takes 

 place, a most exciting but not pleasant scene. Curious traditions 

 regulate the doings and the special task of each man employed 

 in the Tonnare, and these differ slightly in Sardinia and Sicily; 

 in the Tonnare of the former island about 1000 men are em- 

 ployed, in those of the latter about 1400 ; they give together a 

 yearly product valued some ten years ago at between three and 

 four millions of lire (francs); the entire produce of the thunny 

 fishery on the Italian coasts was valued at the same date at 

 about seven millions of francs annually. The incomplete official 

 returns for 1882 give a total of 39 Tonnare, not all at work, 

 and the produce of four of these (Pizzo, Bivona, Ischia and 

 S. Margherita) is rated at 271,120 lire. — 2. Sword-fish Fishery. 

 This fish (Xipltias gladius) is the object of a very peculiar 

 if not extensive fishery on the Calabrian and Sicilian coasts and 

 in the adjacent Straits of Messina, between the months of April 

 and September. These fish, which have the habit of swimming 



