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near the surface, and who also travel in considerable numbers 

 in that season, are sighted by look-outs (antennieri) usually 

 seated en the very tall masts of peculiar boats (feluche), near 

 these are stationed a number of fast boats (lontri) with a shorter 

 mast, on which is perched the foriere who follows the direction 

 shouted and pointed to by the antenniere ; on the prow stands 

 the harpooner (lanciatore) and as the boat is swiftly rowed up 

 to the fish, he throws his harpoon (draffiniera); the wounded fish 

 is followed up by a second fast boat, the first returning near 

 that which holds the antenniere. It is a most exciting scene, 

 witnessed once near Messina. It has been described, nearly in 

 the same words, by Polibius and Spallanzani and Vetrioli, at 

 an interval of nigh 2000 years. — 3. Anchovy and Sardine Fisheries. 

 These two fisheries, which give yearly a very considerable pro- 

 duce, take place usually during the summer months, and the 

 nets called Manaide are more frequently used. The anchovy 

 (Enyraulis enchrasicholus) is caught in greater numbers in the 

 middle and southern parts of the Mediterranean, and especially 

 amongst the Tuscan islands and off the coasts of Sicily; also in 

 the Adriatic, towards the Dalmatian coast. This fishery is 

 practised by fishermen from Chioggia and Ancona. At night 

 fires are lighted to attract the fish, which keep in shoals. The 

 sardine (Clupea pilchadus) is caught in much the same manner 

 and during the same season. Both are usually salted, and a 

 preliminary cure is given by the fishermen themselves in their 

 boats. To give an idea of the value of this fishery it may be 

 stated that at Palermo alone the produce at one season was 

 000,000 kilogrammes of sardines, valued at 200,000 francs, and 

 400,000 kilogrammes of anchovies, valued at 400,000 francs. 

 4. Hake Fishery. This fish (Merlucius vulgaris) is commonly 

 known by the name of Nasello. It is one of the commonest and 

 most esteemed fish of the Italian seas, and may constantly be 

 seen in numbers, of all sizes, in our markets. In winter it is 

 generally taken by trawling, but during the summer months it 

 appears to retire to deeper waters, and then very large specimens 

 are caught by hook and line, with the palamiti or palangrese; 

 with it are also taken in depths, varying from 3 to 800 metres, 

 huge congers, Mora Mediterranea, Phycis, and other species. 



