W. B. DWI6HT. 53 



Science went through still more advanced processes of 

 specialization during the eighteenth and the first few dec- 

 ades of the nineteenth century, as it expanded grandly 

 under the imperishable achievements of the great mod- 

 ern masters. Linnaeus, Buffon, Lamarck, and Cuvier. 

 in natural history, developed its leading subdivisions 

 and laid the germs of its biology. At this period, also, 

 under Cuvier and others, geology began to struggle into 

 existence, as the great zoologists began to recognize the 

 life of past ages, and physicists began to study dynami- 

 cal movements of the earth's crust. Mineralogy also 

 took shape as a science. Chemistry under Lavoisier, Ber- 

 zelius, Dalton, Sir Humphrey Davy, Priestly, and phy- 

 sics under Count Rumford and others, had begun to as- 

 sume far-reaching proportions of subdivision. 



And now, as we come down to the middle and closing 

 decades of our nineteenth century, through the illus- 

 trious labors of Faraday, Wollaston, Naumann, Bunsen, 

 Kirchotf, Tyndall, Huxley, and many others on a glo- 

 rious list too long to quote, what shall we say in regard 

 to the refinement of specialization to which science has 

 been brought ? In these days of the elaborated micro- 

 scope with its legion of costly accessories, of the spectro- 

 scope with its fascinations and its amazing revelations 

 about things far and near, of the telegraph and the tele- 

 phone and the thousand-and-one applications of elec- 

 tricity, surely the special subdivisions already created, 

 each inviting the scientist to find his sole life-work 

 within its limits, already far exceed in number the 

 hundred arms of Briareus, and make us wonder what 

 the harvest of scientific study will be in the century 

 next to come. 



The expansion of one or two scientific departments 

 may suffice to illustrate the work of specialization that 

 all have undergone. 



The department of natural history has fallen naturally 



