W. B. DWIGHT. 81 



the water-lime group, and while about four feet of this 

 formation in thickness is visible, its true width is not- 

 apparent, a portion being concealed under the soil to the 

 east. The inner layers showed no fossils, but exhibited 

 the fine grain and drab color so common in the group. 

 The outer (western) layers, for a thickness of two feet, 

 show the characteristic Leperditia alia in abundance, 

 with some other fossils, but no tentaculites. 



Immediately outside of these layers, and resting con- 

 formably upon them, there are visible about twelve feet 

 of limestone of a higher group ; but the actual thickness, 

 winch is considerably greater, cannot be ascertained, as 

 it is buried in the drift which envelops the hill. Its most 

 striking feature is the presence, in certain layers, of a 

 profusion of sharply defined encrinal columns. - Ortho- 

 cerata and many brachiopods, and corals are also pres- 

 ent. The relative position of this rock, and its fossils, 

 appear to characterize it as the lower pentamerus. 



In my hasty examination, I did not discover any higher 

 group of the lower Helderberg, at this quarry, though 

 I have no doubt that the Catskill shaly limestone exists 

 there, and if it does not crop out, could easily be uncov- 

 ered. But on the same side of the hill several hundred 

 feet northerly to the north of the road, there are numer- 

 ous small outcrops of Catskill shaly with its characteris- 

 tic fossils, pushing up through the soil. 



About five hundred feet southerly from the quarry, as 

 the hill begins to break down in a gentle slope, there 

 is a heavy outcrop on its western side, of a very red, 

 highly ferruginous, exceedingly friable shale, apparently 

 having the same strike and dip as the rocks previously 

 mentioned. These may be a portion of the Hudson River 

 shales, which everywhere surround these ridges, and 

 which in places exceptionally are red. But as they dif- 

 fer in appearance somewhat from the red Hudson River 

 shales, which I have seen elsewhere, and for other rea- 



33 



