in their Relations to Composition and Luminosity, 295 



Calculation of the Calorific Effect of Carbonic Oxide burning 



in Air. 



As the product of combustion is here solely carbonic acid, no 

 latent heat of steam enters, and the calorific effectiveness is the 

 same under all circumstances in air. In the numerator we sub- 

 stitute, of course, the calorific equivalent of one volume of car- 

 bonic oxide from Table I., and in the denominator, for the spe- 

 cific heat of 9 lbs. of water, that of 22 lbs. of carbonic acid, 

 being the weight of the latter formed by the combustion and 

 combination of 14 lbs. (weight of a volume of carbonic oxide on 

 the hydrogen-scale by third column of Table I.) of carbonic 

 oxide with 8 lbs. of oxygen. The number for the specific heat 

 of nitrogen is the same as before, and the equation is now 



* = (22xO-2163) + 6-47 = ll-23 =2996 ° C - = 5435 ° ¥ " 



Marsh-gas and defiant Gas. 

 In these two cases we have as products of combustion both 

 carbonic acid and water ; and therefore, when the calorific effects 

 are sought for, we have not only the latent heat of steam enter- 

 ing as a subtrahend into the numerator, but also into the deno- 

 minator (as divisors) all three of the specific heats of steam, car- 

 bonic acid, and nitrogen. 



Then, as 8 lbs. of marsh-gas consume 32 lbs. of oxygen and 

 produce 22 lbs. of carbonic acid and 18 lbs. of steam, and as 

 14 lbs. of olefiant gas consume 48 lbs. of oxygen, producing 

 44 lbs. of carbonic acid and 18 lbs. of steam, the equations for 

 the calorific powers of their flames in air become : — 

 For marsh-gas, 



104504°- (18 x 537°) " 



30 ~ (18 x -4805) + (22 x -2163) + (32 x 3*318 x -2138) 

 = 2414° C. =4386° F. ; 

 and for olefiant gas, 



166012°- (18 x -537°) 



#= 



(18 x -4805) + (44 x -2163) -f (48 x 3-318 x -2438) 

 = 2143° C. =4970° F. 



When the deduction for the latent heat of the steam of com- 

 bustion is not made, the results in these two gases are consider- 

 ably higher, as will be obvious from mere inspection of the 

 formulae. 



We shall now give in tabular form all the results of our cal- 

 culations of the calorific powers, when burning in the air, of the 

 four gases we have to deal with. 



