546 



HUDSON-FULTON CELEBRATION 



THE AFRICAN ELEPHANTS, KARTOUM AND SULTANA. 



of bison, elk, wild sheep, wild goats, ibex, and 

 deer of all kinds. 



It was an English critic who said that our 

 open-air installations for animals are "at once 

 the envy and the despair of all European zo- 

 ologists." The finest ranges in the world for 

 captive hoofed animals are those of the Duke 

 of Bedford, at Woburn Abbey, England; and 

 the herds within them are both in variety and in 

 number, wholly beyond compare. But those 

 herds are not on exhibition, and they can be 

 seen only by a special invitation from the owner. 



It is to be noted here that of the eleven large 

 and important animal buildings enumerated in 

 the first class, each one save the Reptile House 

 is provided with an elaborate and extensive 

 series of open-air yards in which every habitant 

 has, in mild weather, a daily opportunity to 

 spend hours in the sunlight and the open air, 

 freely exercising or lying at ease in the shade. 

 The elephants and rhinoceroses, the lions and 

 tigers, the apes and baboons, the big African 

 antelopes, the tropical deer, the ostriches and 

 cassowaries, and even the smallest creatures of 

 the many in the Small Mammal House, all have 



their out-door quarters, and enjoy them to the 

 full. 



For humane men and women there is small 

 pleasure in the contemplation of living creatures 

 that are in prisons, and that look and feel like 

 prisoners, pining behind their bars. Better no 

 "zoos" and no wild animal collections than 

 miserable and unhappy prisoners ! A badly- 

 made or badly-kept "zoo," or zoological garden 

 or park, is worse than none. But, at the same 

 time, it is folly for anyone to say that all zoo- 

 logical gardens and parks are dens of cruelty, 

 — as is held by a few extreme humanitarians. 

 The creatures in the collections of the Zoological 

 Park give unimpeachable testimony to the con- 

 trary. If our bears, our hoofed animals, our 

 birds and our apes and monkeys are not posi- 

 tively happy, and full of the enjoyment of life, 

 then none are in this world, either captive or 

 free. Today, the life of every free wild crea- 

 ture is constantly filled with alarm, with flyings 

 from danger, and with the daily struggle for 

 food, water and safety. Every hunter knows 

 that after every mouthful of food, the wild ani- 

 mal or wild bird looks about for dangerous 



