140 M. P. Schiitzenberger on the Substitution of the 



From the above resume of the mineralogy of Chile, it will be 

 seen that there is an evident tendency of the various minerals, 

 or groups of minerals, to show definite relations of association 

 not only with one another, but with the appearance of certain 

 eruptions of crystalline rocks, and that the appearance of a 

 mineral under more than one condition is the exception, and 

 not the rule, and is only the case with some of the more 

 common species, as quartz, calcite, iron-pyrites, and some few 

 others. 



It can also be noted that frequently, when the same crystal- 

 lographic species appears under more than one condition of oc- 

 currence, the mineral is found in each case to be marked by 

 distinctive crystallographical or chemical characters : thus, for 

 example, garnet, when found in the metamorphic or granitic 

 rocks, appears as almandine or common garnet (an iron-alu- 

 mina garnet), but when in the dioritic rocks, or in contact 

 with the same, it appears as colophonite or melanite (an iron- 

 lime garnet) ; and although as yet not found in Chile, we know 

 that garnet, when occurring in trappean rocks, presents itself 

 as pyrope. Similar relations can be traced in the case of mica, 

 olivine, hornblende, apatite, and various other minerals. 



Again, on perusal of our Chilean list, it will be found that 

 many minerals, usually so abundant and characteristic of mi- 

 neral deposits in other parts of the world, are here present in 

 but extremely minute quantities, as magnetic pyrites, fluor- 

 spar, rutile, &c. ; whilst many others, as Cassiterite, Wolfram, 

 strontianite, celestine, Witherite, chrome iron, beryl, are totally 

 wanting. 



When we examine the mineral list, we observe therein com- 

 pounds of thirty- six of the chemical elements, but find that 

 tin, titanium, strontium, fluorine, glucinum, lithium, tung- 

 sten, tantalum, columbium, platinum, yttrium, cerium, lan- 

 thanum, didymium, uranium, selenium, tellurium, and several 

 others are either undiscovered as yet or only found in minute 

 traces. 



XIX. On the Substitution of the Metal in a Salt by Electro- 

 negative Elements. ByV. ScHUTZENBERGER*. 



1. Acetate of Chlorine, C 2 H 3 0\ n 



C1J U * 

 PREPARATION.— The only method applicable to the pre- 

 paration of acetate of chlorine, and of the salts of chlorine 

 in general, is direct synthesis — the combination of anhydrous 



* This article is an abridgment of a very interesting paper of Dr. 

 Schiitzenberger' s bearing date 1863. Owing to the circumstance of its 



