the Adhesion of Liquids to Liquids, 41 1 



But there are liquids which render creosote permanently in- 

 active. Such are the oleines of tallow, of fish-oil, of lard, of 

 horse-fat, and of palm-oil, as also oleic acid from beef-tallow. 

 Whether the creosote be first put on the surface, or the oleinc, 

 the creosote remains permanently inactive. 



In such a case we may judge of the adhesive force of the 

 oleines by their power of displacing other films. The following 

 experiments were tried in a shallow glass 4 inches in diameter, 

 instead of 3 as in nearly all the previous experiments. 



Castor-oil nearly covered the surface. A drop of oleine of 

 fish-oil displaced it powerfully and occupied nearly the whole 

 surface, the castor-oil being shut up into a lens. Oil of cajeput 

 was similarly displaced. This oleine also displaced a film of pale 

 seal-oil which nearly covered the surface, while pale seal-oil in 

 its turn displaced a film of the essential oil of nutmegs; so that 

 Carradori's observation that the essential oils are more strongly 

 attracted by the water-surface than the fixed oils is not correct. 

 Indeed films of oil of turpentine and of oil of rosemary were pow- 

 erfully displaced by the oleine of tallow ; and oil of lavender, 

 which so powerfully arrests the activity of the creosote figure, is 

 displaced by the oleine of fish- oil. 



Without multiplying these and similar experiments, I will 

 conclude with three tabular statements, showing what liquids 

 permanently arrest the activity of creosote, what do so only tem- 

 porarily, and, lastly, the liquids that creosote displaces. It 

 should, however, be remarked that the essential oils which per- 

 manently arrest creosote cease to do so when newly distilled. 



I. Liquids that permanently arrest the motions of Creosote. 



The oleines of lard, tallow, fish- oil, horse-fat, and palm-oil. 

 Oleic acid from beef-tallow r . 

 Dog-fish oil. 



Dark-coloured cod-liver oil. 

 Melon-seed oil. 



A few old essential oils, such as the oils of hops, of cubebs, of 

 bergamot, of rue, of lemon-thyme, and of neroli. 



II. Liquids that temporarily arrest the motions of Creosote. 



1 of turpentine. 



Oil of juniper. 



„ cajeput. 



„ lemons. 



„ nutmegs. 



„ pepper. 



„ coriander. 



,, cumin. 



„ lavender. 



„ eucalyptus. 



„ rosemary. 



„ melaleuca. 



