﻿226 
  Mr. 
  R. 
  M. 
  Deeley 
  on 
  

  

  England 
  on 
  Nov. 
  13, 
  1901, 
  based 
  upon 
  a 
  chart 
  given 
  by 
  

   Shaw 
  and 
  Lempfert*. 
  The 
  wind 
  over 
  France, 
  Germany, 
  and 
  

   the 
  south-east 
  o£ 
  England 
  blew 
  from 
  the 
  south-west. 
  An 
  

   easterly 
  wind 
  from 
  the 
  Baltic 
  Sea 
  cut 
  off 
  abruptly 
  the 
  

   south-westerly 
  wind 
  ; 
  and 
  backing 
  as 
  it 
  travelled 
  round 
  the 
  

   western 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  depression, 
  finally 
  became 
  a 
  northerly 
  

   wind. 
  The 
  conditions 
  obtaining 
  in 
  this 
  depression 
  are 
  

   well 
  described 
  by 
  Shaw 
  and 
  Lempfert. 
  Its 
  average 
  rate 
  

   of 
  motion 
  from 
  west 
  to 
  east 
  was 
  only 
  about 
  17 
  miles 
  per 
  

   hour, 
  whereas 
  in 
  one 
  locality 
  the 
  velocity 
  of 
  the 
  wind 
  was 
  

   59 
  miles 
  per 
  hour. 
  The 
  rainfall 
  was 
  exceptionally 
  heavy, 
  

   four 
  inches 
  being 
  recorded 
  at 
  several 
  stations 
  in 
  Ireland. 
  The 
  

   area 
  of 
  precipitation 
  was 
  a 
  broad 
  band 
  stretching 
  from 
  west 
  

   to 
  east 
  along 
  the 
  line 
  separating 
  the 
  south-westerly 
  wind 
  from 
  

   the 
  easterly 
  Baltic 
  wind. 
  Shaw 
  and 
  Lempfert 
  remark, 
  "As 
  

   might 
  be 
  expected, 
  the 
  air 
  from 
  these 
  two 
  sources 
  was 
  at 
  

   decidedly 
  different 
  temperatures, 
  and 
  .... 
  suggest 
  that 
  the 
  

   process 
  going 
  on 
  in 
  the 
  depression 
  consisted 
  in 
  the 
  warm 
  air 
  

   from 
  the 
  south 
  rising 
  up 
  over 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  cold 
  air 
  from 
  

   the 
  north-east." 
  The 
  fact 
  that 
  rain 
  was 
  falling 
  in 
  Scotland 
  

   when 
  the 
  centre 
  of 
  the 
  depression 
  was 
  well 
  over 
  the 
  centre 
  

   of 
  the 
  North 
  Sea, 
  shows 
  that 
  the 
  south-westerly 
  wind, 
  after 
  

   rising 
  over 
  the 
  easterly 
  wind, 
  curved 
  round 
  and 
  passed 
  to 
  

   the 
  north 
  and 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  cyclonic 
  centre. 
  

  

  A 
  peculiar 
  feature 
  of 
  the 
  above 
  described 
  depression 
  was 
  

   the 
  area 
  of 
  westerly 
  wind 
  that 
  prevailed 
  over 
  the 
  Channel. 
  

   This 
  small 
  wind 
  province 
  was 
  to 
  the 
  south-west 
  of 
  the 
  cyclonic 
  

   centre 
  and 
  travelled 
  with 
  it 
  to 
  the 
  east. 
  Over 
  this 
  area 
  the 
  

   south-westerly 
  winds 
  were 
  interrupted. 
  

  

  Another 
  cyclone 
  is 
  shown 
  in 
  fig. 
  4f, 
  which 
  reproduces 
  

   many 
  of 
  the 
  features 
  of 
  the 
  one 
  already 
  described. 
  It 
  was 
  

   of 
  the 
  slow 
  travelling 
  type, 
  moving 
  from 
  west 
  to 
  east 
  at 
  

   about 
  11*5 
  miles 
  per 
  hour. 
  It 
  originated 
  over 
  the 
  west 
  of 
  

   the 
  British 
  Isles 
  and 
  grew 
  deeper 
  and 
  deeper 
  as 
  it 
  moved 
  in 
  

   an 
  easterly 
  direction. 
  At 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  its 
  formation, 
  October 
  7, 
  

   1903, 
  there 
  were 
  south-westerly 
  winds 
  over 
  the 
  area 
  and 
  easy 
  

   pressure 
  gradients. 
  At 
  8 
  a.m. 
  on 
  October 
  8 
  there 
  was 
  a 
  

   well-marked 
  but 
  shallow 
  depression 
  over 
  the 
  south-west 
  of 
  

   England. 
  An 
  inflow 
  set 
  in 
  from 
  the 
  Baltic 
  area, 
  the 
  southerly 
  

   wind 
  commenced 
  to 
  rise 
  over 
  it, 
  and 
  rain 
  fell 
  in 
  the 
  northern 
  

   counties 
  of 
  England. 
  These 
  features 
  had 
  become 
  well 
  marked 
  

   at 
  8 
  a.m. 
  on 
  Oct. 
  9, 
  and 
  the 
  depression 
  amounted 
  to 
  0'6 
  inch 
  

   of 
  mercury. 
  Fig. 
  4 
  shows 
  the 
  conditions 
  obtaining 
  at 
  this 
  

  

  * 
  Met. 
  Office 
  Pub. 
  174, 
  Plate 
  VII. 
  fig. 
  14. 
  

   f 
  Ibid. 
  Plate 
  IX. 
  fig. 
  12. 
  

  

  