﻿On 
  a 
  Flaked 
  Flint 
  from 
  the 
  Red 
  Crag. 
  503 
  

  

  The 
  distribution 
  and 
  characters 
  of 
  the 
  beds 
  are 
  described. 
  The 
  

   succession 
  compares 
  very 
  closely 
  with' 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  Ludlow 
  district 
  

   itself. 
  The 
  main 
  differences 
  are 
  : 
  (1) 
  that 
  the 
  A}Tnestry 
  Lime- 
  

   stone 
  is 
  represented 
  by 
  mudstones 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  fault-line, 
  and 
  

   (2) 
  that 
  all 
  other 
  divisions 
  show 
  greatly 
  increased 
  thicknesses. 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  no 
  evidence 
  of 
  any 
  stratigraphical 
  break. 
  On 
  the 
  ♦con- 
  

   trary, 
  the 
  sequence 
  is 
  complete 
  from 
  the 
  Lower 
  Ludlow 
  rocks 
  up 
  

   into 
  the 
  Old 
  Red 
  Sandstone, 
  and 
  the 
  changes 
  in 
  lithology 
  are 
  usually 
  

   quite 
  gradual. 
  The 
  oncoming 
  of 
  the 
  Old 
  Red 
  Sandstone 
  conditions 
  

   is 
  discussed, 
  with 
  regard 
  to 
  their 
  effect 
  on 
  the 
  lithological 
  and 
  

   palseontological 
  characters 
  of 
  the 
  strata. 
  

  

  The 
  extent 
  of 
  Old 
  Red 
  Sandstone, 
  as 
  indicated 
  on 
  present 
  maps, 
  

   must 
  be 
  greatly 
  restricted, 
  since 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  supposed 
  Old 
  Red 
  

   Sandstone 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  to 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  Temeside 
  Group, 
  which 
  

   in 
  this 
  district 
  attains 
  a 
  great 
  development. 
  The 
  Silurian 
  age 
  of 
  

   the 
  beds 
  in 
  question 
  is 
  shown 
  by 
  the 
  occurrence 
  in 
  them 
  of 
  Lin- 
  

   gula 
  minima, 
  and 
  of 
  characteristic 
  lamellibranchs, 
  etc., 
  also 
  by 
  

   comparison 
  with 
  similar 
  strata 
  in 
  the 
  Ludlow 
  area. 
  

  

  A 
  comparison 
  with 
  other 
  districts 
  in 
  which 
  Upper 
  Silurian 
  rocks 
  

   are 
  developed 
  shows 
  that 
  deposition 
  attained 
  its 
  maximum 
  along 
  

   the 
  Welsh 
  Border, 
  the 
  thickness 
  of 
  the 
  formations 
  decreasing 
  

   rapidly 
  southwards 
  and 
  eastwards. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  district 
  — 
  in 
  the 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  

   fault-line 
  — 
  the 
  strata 
  are 
  considerably 
  folded 
  along 
  axes 
  ranging 
  

   north-north-eastwards 
  parallel 
  to 
  the 
  main 
  fault, 
  with 
  minor 
  faults 
  

   following 
  the 
  same 
  direction. 
  Away 
  from 
  the 
  major 
  faults 
  the 
  

   folding 
  is 
  gentler 
  in 
  character, 
  and 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  folds 
  ranging 
  nearly 
  

   due 
  east 
  and 
  west 
  make 
  their 
  appearance. 
  Farther 
  west 
  the 
  north- 
  

   north-eastward 
  folding 
  and 
  fracturing 
  reappear. 
  

  

  January 
  23rd. 
  — 
  Dr. 
  Alfred 
  Harker, 
  F.R.S., 
  President, 
  

   in 
  the 
  Chair. 
  

   The 
  following 
  communication 
  was 
  read: 
  — 
  

  

  ' 
  On 
  a 
  Flaked 
  Flint 
  from 
  the 
  Red 
  Crag.' 
  Bv 
  Professor 
  William 
  

   Johnson 
  Sollas, 
  M.A., 
  Sc.D., 
  LL.D., 
  F.R.S., 
  V.P.G.S. 
  

  

  The 
  remarkable 
  specimen 
  forming 
  the 
  subject 
  of 
  the 
  paper 
  

   was 
  obtained 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Reid 
  Moir 
  from 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  Red 
  Crag 
  

   exposed 
  in 
  the 
  brick-pit 
  worked 
  by 
  Messrs. 
  Bolton 
  & 
  Company 
  

   near 
  Ipswich. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  a 
  fragment 
  of 
  a 
  nodule 
  of 
  chalk-flint, 
  irregularly 
  rhombic 
  in 
  

   outline, 
  with 
  a 
  nearly 
  flat 
  base 
  and 
  a 
  rounded 
  upper 
  surface 
  which 
  

   retains 
  the 
  whitish 
  weathered 
  crust 
  of 
  the 
  original 
  nodule. 
  

  

  The 
  base 
  was 
  formed 
  by 
  a 
  natural 
  fracture 
  which 
  exposes 
  the 
  

   fresh 
  flint 
  bordered 
  by 
  its 
  weathered 
  crust. 
  

  

  Both 
  upper 
  and 
  under 
  surfaces 
  of 
  the 
  specimen 
  are 
  scored 
  with 
  

   scratches 
  which 
  are 
  mainly 
  straight, 
  but 
  in 
  some 
  cases 
  curvilinear. 
  

  

  Two 
  adjacent 
  sides 
  have 
  been 
  flaked 
  by 
  a 
  force 
  acting 
  from 
  below 
  

   upwards, 
  in 
  a 
  manner 
  that 
  recalls 
  Aurignacian 
  or 
  Neolithic 
  work- 
  

   manship. 
  The 
  two 
  edges 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  flaked 
  faces 
  meet 
  the 
  base 
  

   are 
  marked 
  by 
  irregular 
  minute 
  and 
  secondary 
  chipping, 
  such 
  as 
  

   might 
  be 
  produced 
  by 
  use. 
  On 
  the 
  hypothesis 
  that 
  the 
  flint 
  has 
  

   been 
  flaked 
  by 
  design, 
  these 
  edges 
  will 
  correspond 
  to 
  the 
  ' 
  surface 
  

  

  