Geological Society. 221 



The rocks are affected by the Hercynian flexures which produced 

 the Bristol coal-basin, and the outcrop of the beds in the main 

 follows the horseshoe-shaped outcrop of the Old Red Sandstone. 

 This regularity is lost at Daniel's Wood and Middlemill. Two 

 important transverse faults traverse the outcrops, which are further 

 obscured by the overlap of unconformable Trias. The trap-bands 

 are found to be confined to the Llandovery, the number of recorded 

 fossils has been largely added to, and previous statements as to 

 the thinness and imperfect development of the Ludlow rocks and 

 as to the probable exposure of the district to erosion in Ludlow 

 and Lower Old-Red-Sandstone times are confirmed. The typical 

 Ludlow fauna of Herefordshire and Shropshire has not been met 

 with, and the series is clearly much attenuated. General remarks 

 on the fossils are appended, and the paper contains lists of fossils 

 in various collections (Bristol Museum, Sedgwick Museum, Earl 

 Ducie's collection, and the Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn 

 Street), as well as those collected by the authors from the Llandovery 

 and Wenlock formations. 



November 4th.— Prof. W. J. Sollas, Sc.D., LL.D., F.R.S., 

 President, in the Chair. 



The following communications were read: — 



1. ' The Relations of the Nubian Sandstone and the Crystal- 

 line Rocks of Egypt.' By Hugh John Llewellyn Beadnell, 

 Assoc.Inst.M.M., F.G.S. (late of the Geological Survey of Egypt). 



The paper opens with an account of the general conclusions of 

 previous observers, which are mainly in favour of the view that the 

 granites are not intrusive into the Nubian Sandstone but that 

 the latter was deposited round denuded masses of the grauite. The 

 crystalline rocks south of the Oasis of Kharga are first dealt with. 

 Eight exposures of crystalline rocks were met with. The sediments 

 near the contact with the crystalline rocks are generally inclined 

 at a high angle, and in some cases the former appear to undergo 

 considerable alteration. The bedded rocks contain no fragments 

 derived from the crystalline rocks. Hills of folded Eocene and 

 Cretaceous strata seem to indicate that the intrusion of the granite 

 may be of later date than Lower Eocene. These crystalline rocks 

 do not appear to differ from those of the First Cataract and of the 

 Eastern Desert and Sinai, where great vertical displacements have 

 occurred, and where it seems likely that the sandstones were carried 

 up when the great igneous core was elevated into its present position. 

 Here too there seems to be no evidence of fragments of the crystalline 

 rocks in question in the sediments. Thus the author concludes that 

 the Nubian Sandstone was unconformably deposited, partly on pre- 

 existing sedimentary formations, and partly on the planed-down 

 surfaces of still older crystalline and metamorphic rocks. Subse- 

 quently it was invaded by outbursts from the underlying magma, 

 the intrusions being probably connected with the elevation of the 

 mountainous regions on the east side of the Nile. 



2. ' On the Fossil Plants of the Waldershare and Fredville Series 

 of the Kent Coalfield.' By E. A. Newell Arber, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S. 



