﻿238 
  Prof. 
  E. 
  H. 
  Barton 
  and 
  Mr. 
  T. 
  J. 
  Richmond 
  

  

  on 
  

  

  slow 
  to 
  show 
  the 
  thousand 
  vibrations, 
  or 
  thereabouts, 
  then 
  

   occurring. 
  It 
  was 
  accordingly 
  moved 
  quite 
  slowly 
  by 
  hand, 
  

   all 
  trace 
  of 
  the 
  individual 
  vibrations 
  being 
  therefore 
  lost, 
  but 
  

   the 
  successive 
  swellings 
  and 
  subsidences 
  of 
  the 
  vibrations 
  

   being 
  well 
  shown. 
  Curve 
  4 
  shows 
  about 
  half 
  these 
  effects 
  in 
  

   its 
  entire 
  length. 
  Curve 
  5, 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  plate 
  was 
  moved 
  still 
  

   slow^er, 
  comprises 
  the 
  whole 
  series 
  of 
  waxings 
  and 
  wanings 
  in 
  

   its 
  length. 
  The 
  sudden, 
  almost 
  instantaneous, 
  reponse 
  of 
  the 
  

   belly 
  at 
  the 
  start 
  is 
  specially 
  noticeable. 
  

  

  Guides 
  6-10 
  show 
  the 
  effect 
  of 
  plucking 
  the 
  string 
  with 
  

   the 
  fleshy 
  finger-tip 
  as 
  is 
  usual 
  when 
  the 
  violin 
  is 
  plnyed 
  

   pizzicato 
  ; 
  the 
  points 
  of 
  attack 
  being 
  respectively 
  at 
  -|, 
  J, 
  J, 
  

   -J, 
  and 
  \ 
  of 
  the 
  string's 
  length 
  from 
  the 
  bridge, 
  the 
  plates 
  

   being 
  shot 
  quickly 
  with 
  the 
  catapult 
  as 
  at 
  first. 
  

  

  Curves 
  11-13 
  show 
  the 
  vibrations 
  obtained 
  when 
  the 
  string 
  

   was 
  struck 
  with 
  a 
  hammer 
  consisting 
  of 
  an 
  ordinary 
  lead- 
  

   pencil 
  wrapped 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  with 
  several 
  thicknesses 
  of 
  wash- 
  

   leather, 
  the 
  places 
  of 
  striking 
  being 
  respectively 
  -J, 
  J, 
  and 
  \ 
  

   the 
  string's 
  length 
  from 
  the 
  bridge. 
  

  

  Curves 
  14-17 
  give 
  the 
  effects 
  of 
  plucking 
  the 
  string 
  with 
  

   the 
  point 
  of 
  a 
  lead-pencil, 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  termed 
  a 
  plectrum, 
  

   the 
  points 
  of 
  excitation 
  being 
  respectively 
  at 
  f^, 
  l, 
  -J, 
  and 
  yof 
  

   the 
  string's 
  length 
  from 
  the 
  bridge. 
  

  

  Curves 
  18-20, 
  concluding 
  the 
  first 
  set, 
  show 
  the 
  vibrations 
  

   elicited 
  by 
  striking 
  the 
  string 
  with 
  an 
  unpadded 
  lead-pencil 
  

   at 
  the 
  points 
  f 
  , 
  ^^ 
  and 
  \ 
  from 
  the 
  bridge. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  very 
  noteworthy 
  that 
  all 
  these 
  cases 
  of 
  plucking 
  and 
  

   striking 
  give 
  vibrations 
  of 
  the 
  belly 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  string 
  itself 
  of 
  

   a 
  very 
  smooth 
  flowing 
  character, 
  being 
  quite 
  different 
  from 
  

   those 
  with 
  the 
  metal 
  string 
  and 
  the 
  monochord 
  belly 
  *, 
  &c. 
  

  

  Plate 
  YI. 
  — 
  The 
  curves 
  21-40 
  on 
  this 
  plate 
  show 
  vibrations 
  

   at 
  various 
  pitches 
  from 
  the 
  g 
  string 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  strings. 
  

   As 
  before, 
  the 
  chief 
  points 
  are 
  indicated 
  by 
  marginal 
  notes 
  ; 
  

   but 
  some 
  further 
  details 
  are 
  given 
  here. 
  

  

  Curves 
  21-22 
  show 
  the 
  vibrations 
  elicited 
  by 
  the 
  g 
  string 
  

   sounding 
  its 
  octave 
  harmonic 
  or 
  second 
  partial. 
  It 
  was 
  

   touched 
  at 
  the 
  middle 
  with 
  a 
  finger 
  of 
  the 
  left 
  hand, 
  and 
  

   bowed 
  with 
  the 
  right 
  at 
  the 
  points 
  y^. 
  and 
  ^ 
  of 
  the 
  luliole 
  

   length 
  of 
  the 
  string 
  from 
  the 
  bridge. 
  The 
  large 
  amplitudes 
  

   of 
  the 
  belly's 
  vibrations 
  are 
  noticeable 
  in 
  contrast 
  with 
  the 
  

   very 
  small 
  motions 
  of 
  the 
  string. 
  

  

  Curves 
  23-24 
  show 
  the 
  vibrations 
  from 
  the 
  g 
  string 
  

   "stopped" 
  or 
  held 
  down 
  by 
  a 
  clamp 
  at 
  three-fourths 
  of 
  its 
  

  

  * 
  See 
  Plate 
  I. 
  fig. 
  10, 
  Phil. 
  Mag. 
  July 
  1905 
  ; 
  also 
  others 
  in 
  Phil. 
  Mag. 
  

   Dec. 
  1906 
  and 
  April 
  1907. 
  

  

  