﻿Forces 
  produced 
  hij 
  Flowing 
  Solutions. 
  

  

  599 
  

  

  to 
  the 
  ditFereuce 
  of 
  tlie 
  found 
  value 
  E2 
  and 
  a 
  value 
  between 
  

   El 
  and 
  E3. 
  This 
  assumption 
  is 
  certainly 
  somewhat 
  arbitrary, 
  

   since 
  we 
  do 
  not 
  know 
  whether 
  these 
  values 
  Ei 
  and 
  E3 
  come 
  

   from 
  a 
  disturbance 
  which 
  exists 
  only 
  when 
  the 
  liquid 
  is 
  in 
  a 
  

   state 
  of 
  rest. 
  Thus 
  the 
  real 
  uncertainty 
  is 
  larger 
  than 
  that 
  

   given 
  with 
  the 
  + 
  sign. 
  In 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  acetic 
  acid 
  we 
  think 
  

   that 
  some 
  constant 
  external 
  influence 
  came 
  into 
  play, 
  and 
  that 
  

   the 
  figures 
  were 
  not 
  subject 
  to 
  a 
  larger 
  error. 
  

  

  In 
  both 
  the 
  experiments 
  with 
  hydrochloric 
  acid 
  a 
  more 
  

   concentrated 
  solution 
  was 
  also 
  measured 
  : 
  in 
  a 
  further 
  expe- 
  

   riment 
  a 
  still 
  more 
  concentrated 
  solution 
  of 
  N/1250 
  was 
  

   employed. 
  The 
  results 
  of 
  these 
  experiments 
  are 
  given 
  in 
  the 
  

   following 
  table. 
  

  

  Solution. 
  

  

  Concentration, 
  t 
  A. 
  

  

  B. 
  

  

  C. 
  

  

  Temp. 
  

  

  E,. 
  

  

  E... 
  

  

  HCl 
  

  

  IS72500 
  760 
  

  

  N/2500 
  400 
  

   760 
  

  

  N/1250 
  900 
  

  

  376 
  

  

  198 
  

   376 
  

  

  445 
  

  

  0-033 
  

  

  0-050 
  

   

  

  0050 
  

  

  16° 
  

  

  16° 
  

  

  ... 
  

  

  17^ 
  

  

  +0012 
  

  

  +0-031 
  

  

  -0-009 
  

  

  +0-084 
  

  

  +0073 
  

   C-ill 
  

  

  +0-047 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  

  1 
  

  

  Solution. 
  

  

  E3. 
  

  

  E,. 
  

  

  

  

  ',0 
  

  

  1//C. 
  

  

  0-0684x10^ 
  

   0-0652 
  

  

  Eiooof- 
  

  

  2-79x10-5 
  

  

  3-17 
  

   3-21 
  

  

  4>i 
  — 
  4>a. 
  

  

  2-80 
  ±? 
  0/0 
  

  

  3-18 
  + 
  1-5 
  % 
  

   3.00 
  4_T 
  o/„ 
  

  

  HCl 
  

  

  9 
  

   +0-032 
  

  

  -0-015 
  

  

  +0-072 
  +? 
  « 
  

  

  +0-041 
  + 
  1-5 
  

   0-079 
  ±1 
  « 
  

  

  +0-059+10 
  

  

  0-0314 
  

  

  4-20 
  

  

  

  4-2: 
  

  

  2±10"/o 
  

  

  It 
  would 
  certainly 
  be 
  expected 
  that 
  all 
  these 
  values 
  should 
  

   lie 
  close 
  together, 
  since 
  the 
  differences 
  in 
  concentration 
  are 
  so 
  

   small 
  that 
  the 
  differences 
  ia 
  the 
  E.M.Fs. 
  arising 
  from 
  them 
  

   are 
  quite 
  negligible. 
  The 
  differences 
  between 
  2*80 
  and 
  4*22 
  

   may 
  be 
  taken 
  as 
  a 
  sign 
  of 
  the 
  degree 
  of 
  uncertainty 
  con- 
  

   nected 
  with 
  this 
  second 
  series. 
  AVe 
  think 
  we 
  are 
  entitled 
  to 
  

   lay 
  less 
  stress 
  both 
  on 
  the 
  higher 
  value 
  for 
  the 
  N/1250 
  solution 
  

   and 
  on 
  the 
  smaller 
  for 
  the 
  N/2500 
  solution. 
  In 
  both 
  cases 
  

   the 
  ratio 
  of 
  Ej 
  and 
  Eg 
  to 
  the 
  value 
  Eg 
  is 
  comparatively 
  large, 
  

   and 
  the 
  experiments 
  are 
  also 
  in 
  bad 
  agreement 
  with 
  each 
  

   other. 
  Consequently 
  we 
  may 
  conclude 
  that 
  the 
  values 
  for 
  

   </)i 
  — 
  (/)ain 
  the 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  4 
  volts 
  will 
  not 
  be 
  far 
  from 
  

   the 
  truth. 
  In 
  any 
  case 
  it 
  seems 
  evident 
  from 
  these 
  results 
  

   that 
  the 
  values 
  for 
  acids 
  are 
  less 
  than 
  4*5 
  volts. 
  

  

  