﻿Positive 
  Electricity, 
  831 
  

  

  these 
  doublets. 
  Is 
  the 
  doublet 
  the 
  thing 
  set 
  free 
  from 
  the 
  

   atom 
  when 
  it 
  is 
  ionized 
  ? 
  and 
  arc 
  the 
  ions 
  produced 
  by 
  

   the 
  splitting 
  up 
  of 
  the 
  doublets, 
  or 
  are 
  the 
  ions 
  first 
  produced 
  

   .and 
  the 
  doublet 
  produced 
  by 
  a 
  combination 
  of 
  the 
  positive 
  

   -aud 
  negative 
  ions 
  ? 
  

  

  There 
  are 
  arouments 
  to 
  be 
  uroed 
  in 
  favour 
  oi 
  either 
  view. 
  

   The 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  projection 
  of 
  these 
  doublets 
  is 
  

   parallel 
  to 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  lines 
  of 
  force 
  at 
  the 
  cathode, 
  

   points 
  to 
  the 
  projection 
  being 
  due 
  to 
  electrical 
  forces. 
  

  

  We 
  can 
  easily 
  understand 
  how 
  these 
  might 
  set 
  the 
  doublets 
  

   in 
  rapid 
  motion. 
  

  

  Thus 
  doublets 
  which 
  accompany 
  the 
  retrograde 
  rays 
  may 
  

   have 
  had 
  a 
  corpuscle 
  attached 
  to 
  them 
  when 
  they 
  were 
  in 
  

   the 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  the 
  cathode, 
  and 
  before 
  losing 
  this 
  

   corpuscle 
  have 
  been 
  projected 
  away 
  from 
  the 
  cathode 
  in 
  the 
  

   same 
  direction 
  as 
  the 
  cathode 
  rays 
  ; 
  thus 
  these 
  doublets 
  

   acquire 
  their 
  velocity 
  when 
  they 
  are 
  doublets. 
  The 
  doublets 
  

   which 
  accompany 
  the 
  Canalstrahlen 
  and 
  which 
  move 
  in 
  the 
  

   opposite 
  direction 
  to 
  the 
  preceding, 
  may 
  be 
  supposed 
  to 
  have 
  

   acquired 
  their 
  velocity 
  when 
  they 
  were 
  in 
  a 
  dissociated 
  state 
  ; 
  

   i. 
  e.^ 
  we 
  may 
  suppose 
  that 
  a 
  positive 
  ion 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  

   cathode 
  acquires 
  in 
  its 
  fall 
  to 
  the 
  cathode 
  a 
  high 
  velocity, 
  

   and 
  then 
  after 
  passing 
  through 
  the 
  cathode 
  unites 
  with 
  a 
  

   corpuscle 
  and 
  becomes 
  a 
  doublet 
  retaining 
  the 
  velocity 
  

   -acquired 
  by 
  its 
  positive 
  constituent. 
  

  

  We 
  have 
  already 
  had 
  examples 
  of 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  doublets 
  

   in 
  the 
  Canalstrahlen 
  group. 
  Thus, 
  for 
  example, 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  

   represented 
  in 
  fig. 
  6, 
  we 
  saw 
  that 
  when 
  the 
  pressure 
  was 
  not 
  

   very 
  low_, 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  positive 
  ions 
  which 
  had 
  retained 
  their 
  

   charge 
  whilst 
  passing 
  through 
  the 
  first 
  magnetic 
  field, 
  and 
  

   which 
  form 
  the 
  spot 
  ^, 
  had 
  lost 
  their 
  charge, 
  i. 
  e. 
  had 
  become 
  

   doublets 
  before 
  entering 
  the 
  second 
  field 
  and 
  were 
  not 
  

   deflected 
  by 
  it, 
  so 
  that 
  instead 
  of 
  the 
  spot 
  being 
  entirely 
  

   removed 
  wlien 
  the 
  second 
  magnetic 
  field 
  was 
  put 
  on, 
  some 
  of 
  

   it 
  was 
  left 
  behind. 
  

  

  Though 
  we 
  can 
  hardly 
  doubt 
  that 
  there 
  must 
  be 
  positively 
  

   charged 
  particles 
  passing 
  through 
  the 
  hole 
  in 
  the 
  cathode 
  

   which 
  owe 
  their 
  velocity 
  to 
  this 
  cause, 
  yet, 
  as 
  the 
  experi- 
  

   ments 
  I 
  shall 
  now 
  proceed 
  to 
  describe 
  show, 
  Oanalstrahleri 
  

   such 
  as 
  those 
  used 
  when 
  their 
  electric 
  and 
  magnetic 
  deflexions 
  

   are 
  measured 
  in 
  the 
  way 
  I 
  have 
  described 
  and 
  which 
  travel 
  

   perhaps 
  15 
  cms. 
  before 
  they 
  reach 
  the 
  screen, 
  seem 
  to 
  owe 
  

   their 
  velocity 
  to 
  a 
  different 
  cause, 
  for 
  I 
  have 
  found 
  that 
  the 
  

   velocity 
  of 
  these 
  is 
  but 
  slightly 
  affected 
  by 
  the 
  potential- 
  

   diflerence 
  between 
  the 
  electrodes 
  of 
  the 
  discharge-tube 
  or 
  the 
  

   pressure 
  of 
  the 
  gas. 
  

  

  