﻿Positive 
  Electricity, 
  843 
  

  

  as 
  they 
  would 
  be 
  i£ 
  c 
  \\'ere 
  a 
  stream 
  of 
  negative 
  and 
  d 
  of 
  

   easily 
  deflected 
  positive 
  particles. 
  That 
  there 
  were 
  streams 
  

   of 
  particles 
  of 
  this 
  kind 
  was 
  proved 
  by 
  again 
  directing 
  the 
  

   streamers 
  into 
  Faraday 
  cylinders 
  connected 
  with 
  a 
  galvano- 
  

   meter. 
  This 
  showed 
  that 
  when 
  the 
  stream 
  c 
  entered 
  the 
  

   cylinder 
  it 
  carried 
  with 
  it 
  a 
  negative 
  charge, 
  while 
  d 
  carried 
  

   a 
  positive, 
  c 
  is 
  in 
  most 
  cases 
  much 
  more 
  developed 
  than 
  d. 
  

  

  As 
  the 
  pressure 
  is 
  reduced 
  and 
  the 
  dark 
  cathode 
  space 
  gets 
  

   well 
  developed, 
  the 
  appearances 
  presented 
  by 
  the 
  rays 
  through 
  

   the 
  hole 
  are 
  very 
  interesting 
  ; 
  they 
  are 
  represented 
  in 
  fig. 
  11. 
  

  

  F]>. 
  11. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  12. 
  

  

  / 
  

  

  .^' 
  

  

  ,^' 
  

  

  / 
  

  

  The 
  rays 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  hole 
  may 
  be 
  traced 
  as 
  a 
  fine 
  well- 
  

   defined 
  pencil 
  passing 
  through 
  the 
  dark 
  space 
  and 
  often 
  

   visible 
  for 
  some 
  distance 
  from 
  the 
  negative 
  glow 
  ; 
  while 
  it 
  

   can 
  be 
  traced 
  backwards 
  through 
  the 
  hole 
  for 
  considerable 
  

   distances, 
  producing, 
  when 
  it 
  strikes 
  the 
  glass 
  walls, 
  the 
  

   phosphorescence 
  characteristic 
  of 
  cathode 
  rays. 
  Under 
  the 
  

   action 
  of 
  the 
  magnet 
  the 
  two 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  pencil 
  are 
  bent 
  in 
  

   opposite 
  directions, 
  and 
  their 
  appearance 
  shows 
  that 
  they 
  

   consist 
  of 
  pencils 
  of 
  cathode 
  rays 
  travelling 
  in 
  both 
  directions 
  

   from 
  the 
  hole 
  (fig. 
  12), 
  those 
  between 
  the 
  anode 
  and 
  the 
  

   cathode 
  travelling 
  in 
  the 
  directions 
  of 
  the 
  ordinary 
  cathode 
  

   rays, 
  whilst 
  those 
  going 
  through 
  the 
  hole 
  travel 
  in 
  the 
  

   opposite 
  direction, 
  the 
  hole 
  acting 
  as 
  if 
  it 
  sent 
  out 
  cathode 
  

   rays 
  backwards 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  forwards. 
  When 
  the 
  

   pressure 
  falls 
  below 
  a 
  certain 
  value 
  this 
  pencil 
  disappears, 
  

   the 
  two 
  portions 
  vanishing 
  simultaneously, 
  and 
  we 
  are 
  left 
  

   with 
  Canalstrahlen 
  passing 
  through 
  the 
  hole 
  and 
  without 
  any 
  

   of 
  the 
  other 
  rays. 
  These 
  other 
  rays 
  can 
  also 
  be 
  made 
  to 
  

   disappear 
  by 
  the 
  action 
  of 
  a 
  transverse 
  magnetic 
  force, 
  even 
  

  

  