﻿154 Prof:. Burton and Mr. Wiegand : Effect of 



greater uniformity in the size o£ the drops with 720 volts. 

 which may be explained if splitting up took place. 



In each of these cases it is interesting to note that the 

 larger drops are concentrated in the line of flow of the 

 original stream, which would be up the centre of the 

 photograph . 



Fig. 11 is the photograph of a centimetre scale (1. 2, 

 3 cm.) taken with the same magnification as that employed 

 in the photographs figs. 9 & 10, so that a rough idea of the 

 size of the drops may be had. 



Iheoretical. 



In striving to arrive at a coherent explanation of the 

 phenomena observable in these experiments we may summarize 

 the facts which appear : 



1. The presence or absence of a charge on the inductor 

 does not seem to affect perceptibly the size of the drops 

 breaking away from the stream. 



2. There is by no means uniformity in the size of the 

 drops, large and small ones occurring at random, whether 

 the drops are charged or not. 



3. The uncharged stream almost immediately begins to 

 scatter in all directions. 



4. Xo matter how large the charge on the inductor-ring, 

 i. e., no matter how large the charges on the drops, there is 

 in every case of the charged drops an absolute alignment of 

 the drops for at least a part of their journey. For lower 

 voltages (dependent probably on the size and velocity of the 

 stream) there is complete alignment to the top of their 

 course. 



5. For lower voltages on The inductor-tube there is 

 coalescence of the drops in the region of slow velocities. 



6. For higher voltages the stream begins to scatter after 

 a region of absolute alignment, and indications are given of 

 the splitting up of larger drops into smaller in this region of 

 scattering. 



We must conclude in the first place that the breaking into 

 drops is primarily due to the property of the surface-tension 

 of a liquid whereby a long cylinder of liquid is unstable : 

 that the resulting drops are not uniform in size is due, as we 

 may gather from Eayleigh's writings, to the irregularities 

 induced by the rapid motion of the stream, to disturbances 

 due to the breaking off of drops, and also to random 

 vibrations in the air at the breaking point. Rayleigh 

 ascribes the scattering of the uncharged stream to the 



