Geological Society. 759 



The apparent absence o£ any East Scandinavian rocks in 

 Durham is noticed, and an explanation offered. The early retreat 

 of the Scandinavian ice from the Durham coast, as also its relation 

 to the English and Scottish glaciation, is discussed. 



Later than the fissure-filling material are certain water-deposited 

 gravels and sands, which occupy shallow depressions underlying the 

 main Drift seen on the coast. They are noticeable for containing 

 a rather large proportion of gneissic and schistose rocks, olivine- 

 basalts, etc., in this case presumably of Scottish origin. A com- 

 parison with a similar bed on the Northumbrian coast, studied by 

 Dr. J. A. Smythe, is made. 



The main Drifts of South-East Durham are briefly described, 

 more especially in relation to the limits and direction of flow of 

 that part of the ice-stream which carried Cheviot material in the last 

 phase of the maximum glaciation of the east coast. The direct 

 southerly or south-westerly movement of this ice towards the 

 northern face of the Cleveland Hills at this period is indicated by 

 striae, by the western limits of Cheviot material in this area and in 

 Northumberland, and by the superficial mingling in the lower Tees 

 Valley of the products of this ice with material brought at an 

 earlier period over Stain moor. 



The occurrence of Shap Granite and olivine-basalt erratics is 

 indicated on an accompanying map. 



The conspicuous kaimes developed about the village of Sheraton 

 and others, associated with the Cheviot Drift, are described. A few 

 remarks are added on a deserted watercourse at Ferryhill, and on 

 the question of post- Glacial erosion. 



2. ' On the Relationship of the Vredefort Granite to the Wit- 

 watersrand System.' Bv Frederick Willoughbv Penny, B.Sc, 

 P.G.S. 



The Vredefort Granite has always been considered as a member 

 of that ' old granite ' group, which everywhere in the Transvaal and 

 in the Orange Free State is found emerging from beneath the 

 Witwatersrand Serie s . 



The relationship of this 'old granite ' group to the overlying 

 rocks has been the theme of frequent discussion. The Vredefort 

 area was made the subject of a paper in 1903 by Dr. G. A. F. 

 Molengraaff, who proved to his own satisfaction the intrusive 

 nature of the granite into the encircling sediments. In the 

 following 3'ear, however, when work in other areas indicated the 

 probability that there the ' old granite ' group formed the floor on 

 which the Witwatersrand Beds were laid down, Dr. Molengraaff 

 practically withdrew his previous deductions regarding the Vredefort 

 area. 



In the present paper, evidence is brought forward to prove clearly 

 the intrusive character of the Vredefort Granite, not only into the 

 Witwatersrand Beds, but also into the basic intrusion associated 

 with them, based on an examination of the adjacent rocks and a 

 detailed map of several miles along its contact on the north-east 



