﻿50 
  Dr. 
  A. 
  C. 
  Crehore 
  on 
  the 
  Formation 
  oj 
  tlie 
  

  

  from 
  other 
  atoms 
  ; 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  no 
  doubt 
  possible 
  to 
  do 
  this. 
  In 
  

   showing 
  these 
  combinations 
  it 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  understood 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  

   not 
  stated 
  that 
  they 
  represent 
  the 
  molecules 
  of 
  the 
  compounds, 
  

   but 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  possible 
  forms 
  that 
  may 
  exist. 
  

   If 
  a 
  third 
  atom, 
  similar 
  to 
  the 
  second, 
  is 
  placed 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  

   of 
  the 
  two 
  equilibrium 
  circles 
  which 
  accompany 
  any 
  single 
  

   atom, 
  the 
  second 
  atom 
  being 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  circle, 
  the 
  

   control 
  by 
  the 
  central 
  or 
  first 
  atom 
  is 
  very 
  much 
  greater 
  than 
  

   the 
  influence 
  which 
  the 
  second 
  atom 
  has 
  upon 
  the 
  third 
  atom, 
  

   because 
  the 
  distance 
  between 
  the 
  outside 
  atoms 
  is 
  nearly 
  

   double 
  that 
  between 
  the 
  central 
  and 
  outside 
  atom, 
  and 
  the 
  

   force 
  varies 
  not 
  as 
  the 
  inverse 
  square, 
  but 
  as 
  a 
  higher 
  power 
  

   of 
  the 
  distance. 
  Calculation 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  a 
  central 
  atom 
  

   13 
  = 
  9+4, 
  representing 
  oxygen, 
  and 
  two 
  outside 
  atoms, 
  each 
  

   with 
  a 
  single 
  ring 
  of 
  three 
  electrons, 
  representing 
  hydrogen, 
  

   shows 
  that 
  the 
  angle 
  of 
  latitude 
  is 
  decreased 
  only 
  3*5 
  minutes 
  

   of 
  arc, 
  and 
  the 
  distance 
  v 
  is 
  increased 
  about 
  three 
  parts 
  in 
  

   1000 
  by 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  the 
  third 
  atom. 
  

  

  The 
  central 
  atom, 
  however, 
  exercises 
  no 
  control 
  over 
  the 
  

   position 
  of 
  the 
  outside 
  atoms 
  in 
  their 
  respective 
  circles. 
  The 
  

   second 
  and 
  third 
  atoms 
  alone 
  then 
  determine 
  their 
  own 
  

   positions 
  in 
  these 
  circles. 
  It 
  is 
  clear 
  from 
  the 
  charts 
  that 
  

   the 
  stable 
  position 
  must 
  be 
  such 
  that 
  the 
  axes 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  out- 
  

   side 
  atoms 
  will 
  be 
  coincident 
  ; 
  for, 
  at 
  the 
  distance 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  

   circles 
  the 
  along-force 
  is 
  an 
  attraction, 
  the 
  distance 
  between 
  

   the 
  atoms 
  being 
  greater 
  than 
  the 
  critical 
  distance 
  /3v= 
  \Z5, 
  

   and 
  that 
  the 
  perpendicular 
  force 
  is 
  zero 
  and 
  the 
  position 
  stable 
  

   for 
  small 
  displacements 
  ; 
  for 
  the 
  distance 
  between 
  the 
  atoms 
  

   is 
  also 
  greater 
  than 
  the 
  critical 
  distance 
  /3v= 
  \/10, 
  where 
  

   the 
  perpendicular 
  curve 
  of 
  zero 
  force 
  intersects 
  the 
  axis. 
  

   This 
  gives 
  a 
  complete 
  proof 
  of 
  the 
  stability 
  of 
  this 
  com- 
  

   bination 
  of 
  three 
  atoms. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  13 
  shows 
  several 
  molecules 
  with 
  two, 
  three, 
  four, 
  and 
  

   five 
  atoms 
  per 
  molecule. 
  The 
  diatomic 
  molecules 
  are 
  H 
  2 
  , 
  

   C 
  2 
  , 
  N 
  2 
  , 
  2 
  , 
  F 
  2 
  , 
  ON, 
  NO, 
  and 
  CO. 
  These 
  chemical 
  symbol's 
  

   are 
  intended 
  to 
  designate 
  the 
  atoms 
  for 
  which 
  the 
  com- 
  

   bination 
  of 
  electrons 
  in 
  rings 
  is 
  given 
  in 
  Table 
  III. 
  In 
  this 
  

   tigure 
  hydrogen 
  has 
  been 
  taken 
  as 
  a 
  single 
  ring 
  of 
  three 
  

   electrons. 
  The 
  experimental 
  results 
  obtained 
  by 
  Thomson 
  

   indicate 
  that 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  is 
  the 
  correct 
  number 
  of 
  electrons 
  

   in 
  the 
  hydrogen 
  atom. 
  The 
  diatomic 
  molecule 
  with 
  atoms 
  

   of 
  only 
  two 
  electrons 
  each 
  has 
  not 
  yet 
  been 
  calculated 
  for 
  

   reasons 
  given 
  in 
  another 
  place, 
  that 
  this 
  combination 
  is 
  not 
  

   independent 
  of 
  the 
  phase 
  relation 
  of 
  the 
  electrons, 
  and 
  a 
  

   determination 
  of 
  it 
  requires 
  that 
  the 
  equations 
  be 
  carried 
  out 
  

   to 
  the 
  next 
  order 
  of 
  approximation, 
  including 
  terms 
  in 
  v~ 
  H 
  . 
  

  

  