﻿734 
  Dr. 
  H. 
  Wilde 
  on 
  some 
  new 
  Multiple 
  Relations 
  

  

  with 
  the 
  old 
  and 
  new 
  atomic 
  weights,'the 
  proportion 
  of 
  silicon 
  

   to 
  oxygen 
  being 
  in 
  the 
  ratio 
  of 
  7 
  : 
  8 
  in 
  all 
  the 
  formulae. 
  

  

  1. 
  Si 
  =Si 
  7:0 
  8: 
  : 
  7: 
  8 
  

  

  2. 
  Si0 
  2 
  =Sil4: 
  016: 
  : 
  7 
  : 
  8 
  

  

  3. 
  Si0 
  2 
  = 
  Si28: 
  032: 
  : 
  7 
  : 
  8 
  

  

  4. 
  Si0 
  3 
  = 
  Si21 
  : 
  024: 
  : 
  7: 
  8 
  

  

  5. 
  Si0 
  3 
  = 
  Si42: 
  048: 
  : 
  7 
  : 
  8 
  

  

  6. 
  Si 
  2 
  5 
  =Si35: 
  040: 
  : 
  7: 
  8 
  

  

  7. 
  Si 
  2 
  O 
  5 
  = 
  Si70: 
  080 
  : 
  : 
  7 
  : 
  8 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  shown 
  that 
  the 
  ordinal 
  number 
  of 
  the 
  typical 
  

   molecule 
  at 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  the 
  several 
  series 
  in 
  the 
  general 
  

   Table 
  determines 
  the 
  quantivalence 
  of 
  each 
  series 
  of 
  elements 
  

   under 
  it. 
  When 
  my 
  first 
  paper 
  on 
  atomic 
  weights 
  was 
  pub- 
  

   lished 
  the 
  only 
  member 
  of 
  the 
  series 
  H7?i 
  known 
  to 
  be 
  hep- 
  

   tavalent 
  was 
  manganese, 
  but 
  I 
  therein 
  stated 
  that 
  the 
  relation 
  

   of 
  this 
  element 
  to 
  the 
  iron 
  group 
  indicated 
  a 
  much 
  higher 
  

   quantivalence 
  for 
  the 
  other 
  members 
  of 
  this 
  series 
  than 
  had 
  

   hitherto 
  been 
  accorded 
  to 
  them. 
  MM. 
  Hautefeuille 
  and 
  

   Chappuis 
  have 
  since 
  formed 
  pernitric 
  acid, 
  which 
  indicates 
  

   a 
  higher 
  quantivalence 
  for 
  nitrogen 
  than 
  had 
  previously 
  

   been 
  obtained 
  for 
  this 
  element*; 
  and 
  more 
  recently 
  MM. 
  

   Debray 
  and 
  Joly 
  have 
  shown 
  that 
  ruthenium 
  (Ru) 
  is 
  hepta- 
  

   valent 
  by 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  the 
  heptarutheneates 
  of 
  potassium 
  

   and 
  sodium, 
  which 
  have 
  many 
  points 
  of 
  resemblance 
  to 
  the 
  

   heptamanganates 
  f. 
  

  

  The 
  remarkable 
  resemblance 
  which 
  the 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  

   iron 
  group 
  have 
  to 
  each 
  other 
  while 
  their 
  atomic 
  weights 
  

   are 
  nearly 
  the 
  same, 
  has 
  long 
  been 
  a 
  subject 
  of 
  interest 
  to 
  

   philosophical 
  chemists, 
  and 
  if 
  the 
  views 
  which 
  I 
  have 
  

   enounced 
  respecting 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  elementary 
  species 
  be 
  

   correct, 
  the 
  cause 
  of 
  these 
  resemblances 
  admits 
  of 
  a 
  possible 
  

   explanation. 
  

  

  From 
  the 
  great 
  abundance 
  and 
  wide 
  distribution 
  of 
  iron 
  

   in 
  nature, 
  it 
  is 
  probable 
  that 
  the 
  vapour 
  of 
  this 
  element 
  

   would 
  form 
  an 
  atmosphere 
  of 
  considerable 
  depth 
  ; 
  the 
  upper 
  

   and 
  lower 
  regions 
  of 
  which, 
  by 
  differences 
  of 
  pressure 
  and 
  

   temperature, 
  might 
  produce 
  allotropic 
  varieties 
  -before 
  a 
  

   definite 
  change 
  to 
  the 
  next 
  higher 
  members 
  in 
  the 
  series 
  

   occurred. 
  When 
  once 
  varieties 
  of 
  an 
  element 
  were 
  formed, 
  

   these 
  varieties 
  would 
  be 
  propagated 
  through 
  successive 
  con- 
  

   densations 
  into 
  the 
  next 
  higher 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  series, 
  just 
  

  

  * 
  Comptes 
  Hendus, 
  xciv. 
  pp. 
  1111, 
  1306. 
  

   t 
  Comptes 
  Mendus, 
  cvi. 
  pp. 
  1494, 
  1888. 
  

  

  