Boiling-Points of Homologous Compounds. 375 



4. This tolerable success in representing the boiling-points 

 of the ethers by a single formula suggests a similar treatment 

 for the esters. Here the composition, C a H 2e+ i — COOC r H 2 r+i, 

 is no longer symmetrical in r and s, but a formula of the 

 same type may be tried. Numerically this takes the form 



T,., = 277 o -68 + 25 o -55(r + 5)-0 o '368(rf 5 ) 2 + o -1153(r-5) 2 , 



which leads to the numbers given in Table VI. (a). When 

 these are subtracted from the corresponding observed values 



Esters 



Table VI. (a). 



T rs calc. 



5 = 0. 



7. 



1. 



303-5 



327-3 



o 



351-1 



374-4 



396-3 



419-6 







441-4 



462-7 



483-5 



o. 



327-8 



351-1 



374-0 



396-4 



418-2 



439-5 



460-4 



480-7 



500-5 



3, 



352-1 



374-4 



396-4 



417-7 



438-6 



459-0 



478-9 



498-2 



517-1 



4. 



375-8 



396-3 



418-2 



438-6 



458-5 



477-9 



496-8 



515-2 



533-1 



5. 



399-1 



419-6 



439-5 



459-0 



477-9 



496-3 



514-3 



531'7 



548-7 



6. 



421-9 



441-4 



460-4 



478-9 



4968 



514-3 



531-3 



547-8 



563-7 



7. 



444-2 



462-7 



480-7 



498-2 



5152 



531-7 



547'8 



563-2 



578-2 



8. 



465-9 



483-5 



500-5 



5171 



533-1 



548-7 



563-7 



578-2 



592-3 











Table VI. (b). 

















Esters 



>: O- 



-c. 









r. 



5 = 0. 



1. 



2. 



3. 



4. 



5. 



6. 



7. 



8. 



1. 



o 

 + 1-4 



o 

 4-2-9 



o 

 4-1-6 



o 



+1-3 



o 



4-4-0 



o 

 4-3-0 



o 

 4-3-7 



o 



4-3-2 



o 



4-30 



2. 



-05 



-10 



-2-2 



-3-5 



-0-5 



4-0-1 



-0-3 



-1-9 



0-0 



3. 



+ 1-8 



4-0-1 



-11 



-20 



+ 1-9 



-0-5 



4-0-5 



-0-5 





4. 



4-4-1 



+ 1-2 



4-0-2 



4-0-1 



4-0-3 



-06 



4-1-3 



-1-7 





5. 



+4-3 



4-1-0 





-1-2 



-1-2 







... 





6. 



4-4-7 



+0-8 





-0-8 



o-o 







... 





7. 



4-5*5 



4-1-6 



4-0-3 



00 



4-14 



4-0-7 



-0-2 



-0-4 





8. 



4-5-2 



-0-5 



-1-1 



-1-9 



4-0-1 



-0-5 



-0-3 



4-0-7 





the differences shown in Table VI. (b) result. On the whole 

 they may be regarded as satisfactorily small. But a sensible 

 and systematic discrepancy again appears in the first line 

 and column, of the same kind as that suggested in Table V. (6). 

 The boiling-points of the initial series are rather higher than 

 the general law indicates. This is not surprising, however, 

 because these series are known to be otherwise abnormal in 

 their physical properties. The convenient assumption of 

 symmetry in the formula does not seem to have had any 

 serious detrimental effect on the representation. 



