On the Geology of Palestine. 



741 



the Dead Sea regioD. At the request of the Officers of the Society, 

 Major Brock has kindly undertaken to tell us something of his 

 observations in the country. It is needless to say that the region 

 is of surpassing interest to geologists, and I am sure that the 

 Fellows will appreciate the opportunity of hearing how its 

 remarkable features have impressed so acute and experienced a 

 field-geologist. 



Major Reginald W. Brock, M.A., F.Gr.S., then proceeded to 

 deliver his lecture on the Geology of Palestine, his observations 

 being summarized as follows : — 



The following formations are recognized : 



Quaternary. 



Alluvium. 



Dunes ; Valley and Plains clay,^ 









and Silt ; Desert Crust. 



Heavy 





Diluvium. 



Terrestrial. Lisan Formation 



volcanic 







(Jordan-lake-beds) . 



flows, 







Marine. Upper Calcareous Sand- 



basalts, 







stone & Limestone. 



ashes, 







Lower Calcareous Sand- 



tuffs, etc 







stone, j 





Tertiary. 



Pliocene. 



Lacustrine. 





Eocene. 



Nummulitic Limestone. 



f Danian 1 , 

 rci • ) ri • volcanics, 

 f Senonian ■< Campanian >■> ,, 



(_ Santonian J 



f Upper < Turonian 



. <j l^Cenomanian. 



Mesozoic. 



Cretaceous 







(JLower Nubian Sandstone. 







Jebel-Usdum formation (?). 





Jurassic. 



On Lebanon & Hermon only. 



Paleozoic. 



Carboniferous. Possibly south-east of the Dead Sea. 





Cambrian. 



Dolomite and sandstone. 



Pre-Cambrian. 



Volcanics and arkose. 





Red granites and porphyries. 



Grey granites, gneiss, and crystalline schists. 



The structure was shown to be that of a tableland bisected by a 

 great rift-valley (graben), and flanked by a coastal plain. A section 

 was exhibited illustrating East Jordanland acting as a horst ; the 

 boundary-faults of the Jordan Trench ; the unequal sinking of 

 the contained blocks ; the western section of the tableland sunken 

 with relation to the eastern, and thrown into an asymmetric 

 anticline the limbs of which rise in steps through monoclmal flexures 

 or faults. 



Lantern-slides were used to illustrate the character of the country 

 and outstanding features in its geology, more particularly the 

 following: — the dependence of the topography upon geological 

 structure, slopes depending on the attitude of the rocks and eleva- 

 tion upon the raising or depressing of fault-blocks or on lava-flows; 

 basins and sunken areas in the tableland ; the scarps bounding the 



