762 On the Electron Theory of the Metallic State. 



we should, however, since u is very small, get values for b 

 that would be about a thousand times greater than the values 

 known from experiment. This difficulty for our theory 

 will, however, disappear if: we assume the electrons to be 

 emitted from the outermost layer of electrons — an assumption 

 that is indeed well supported by the great dependance of the 

 emission phenomenon upon small impurities of the surface. 

 For these surface electrons, our reason from § 6 for assuming 

 the kinetic energy of the electrons to be very little does not 

 hold. Indeed, there will be more free impacts here with the 

 outer atoms ; so that the kinetic energy of the electrons 

 will probably be of the same order of magnitude as for the 

 atoms themselves. 



§ 13. Magnetic and Galvanomagnetic Phenomena. 



I shall not here treat these phenomena in detail, but 

 will only refer to the results of my earlier investigation on 

 this subject. The motion of the free electrons, as we have 

 imagined it, will give rise to paramagnetic and diamagnetic 

 phenomena with susceptibilities within the limits 



1.** M<K+1 .!*.'* . -. (27) 



6 m A 12 m A 



which for high temperatures must take approximately 

 constant values. This is in good agreement with the 

 observed magnetic properties for the metals situated in 

 the left groups of the periodic system. The bad con- 

 ductors Sb and Bi in the 5th group make an exception 

 with great diamagnetic effects, and the ferromagnetic 

 metals in the 8th group, at temperatures where they 

 are not ferromagnetic, as well as their neighbours in the 

 system have very great paramagnetic susceptibilities, which 

 are, like the ferromagnetic phenomena, probably to be 

 referred to the influence of the magnetic field of force 

 on the inner electron rings in the atom. 



Also the positive and negative Hall effects and their 

 order of magnitude are, in a similar manner, deduced from 

 our general assumptions. 



§ 14. Concluding Remarks. 



In our investigation the phenomena of thermal and 

 electric conduction at low and very low temperatures are 

 as yet left aside. The reason is that the treatment of these 



