Spontaneous Crystallization oj Supercooled Liquids. 87 



Fig. 2.— Number of tubes of Para-toluidine crystallizing 



within one minute at various temperatures. 



The points are numbered in the order in which they were determined/ 



80 

















5-K 





















-i-io 















4-J- 

















-|-3 









60 



























/ 



























= 40 









ii s 















-;- 6 y 













20 







yT J, 

 yS -j-9 



-1 















~'~ 7 y 

















- 



















, 8 

















(<?) Now from the statistical ?i, t curves (fig. 1) we can 

 proceed to find the average life of tubes containing particles 

 not quite large enough to provoke immediate crystallization. 

 The working out of an actual example will make the method 

 of procedure clear. 



Consider the curve referring to 122 tubes of p.-toluidine 

 at 31 0, 25. The number crystallizing within the first minute 

 is 19. ' On the smoothed curve (in fig. 2) 19 corresponds to 

 a temperature of 29 Q, 8, the difference being due to variations 

 in the activity of colloidal matter from one experiment to 

 another. We regard, therefore, 2^°'<S as the corrected 

 temperature. The equilibrium radius at this temperature is 

 0*147 x constant. TYe can now estimate the average life 

 of tubes containing particles within 20 per cent, of this 

 size — i. e., between 0*147 and 0*118. Fig. 4 shows that 

 there are 32 tubes with particles greater than 0*118 — that is, 

 32 — 19 = 13 tubes with particles whose radius is not more 

 than 20 per cent, less than that of the particles provoking 

 immediate crystallization. From the n, t curves (fig. 1) we 



