Atoms and Molecules. 911 



comparable with 10^ 8 cm. the ratio of the distances, 10~ 8 cm., 

 to the dimensions of the atoms shown in fig. 1, varies between 

 30000 and 8000 approximately, being so great that the 

 second atom may still be considered to be at a great distance 

 from the first. It may be shown that the higher order terms 

 than the second are negligible, and that the whole force due 

 to the rotation of the charges is merely that given by the 

 gravitational law, modified where single atoms are considered 

 by terms defining the directions of their axes. This result 

 is given in the general form in equation (57) of the first 

 paper*, and in (59) when the force is resolved along the 

 centre line joining the rings. Summing up the Z-component 

 force for the axis case, where Z = l and X = 0, by means of 

 the equation referred to for the whole hydrogen atom acting 

 upon another hydrogen atom, we find 



F = £(2&«0 (35) 



Adding this to the electrostatic force found above in (32) 

 gives the complete force upon the first atom due to the 

 second as 



F = ^(2/3 2 V- 2 -27776.6 8 r- 10 ), . . . (36) 



whence equating to zero for equilibrium, and solving for r, 

 we have f 



r 8 = 13888 .— and r = 1-18 x HT 8 cm. . (37) 



This represents the distance between the two atoms of the 

 diatomic hydrogen molecule. It may be seen that the equi- 

 librium is stable in the direction of the axis, for an increase 

 of the distance r makes the gravitational r~ 2 term in excess 

 of the other term, meaning that the atoms are attracted, 

 while a decrease of the distance makes the repulsive force in 

 excess 



As to stability the other way perpendicular to the axis, 

 this matter must be referred to the X-component of the 

 force which has not been developed above. It may be 

 stated, however, that the general form of equation has 

 been developed, and is discussed in detail in the next 

 paper III. 



* Loc cit. 



t The numerical values of b and /3 2 used here are the fame as pre- 

 viously found in the first paper, 6 = l-06oxl0~ 13 and/3 2 4 =0-G053xl0~ 3c . 



