﻿322 Dr. A. C. Crehore on the 



of f 3 lies probably between these limits. The value 

 ^ = •285 x 10" u ' cm. has been chosen by an inspection o£ 

 the curve of: radii for the atoms having 2, 3, 4, and 5 elec- 

 trons, it being assumed that these radii are the least affected 

 by the equal moment of momentum hypothesis. It must be 

 regarded as a rough approximation at best, but the results 

 that follow from it seem to be in close accord with the dis- 

 tances between atoms as experimentally determined. 



Since the publication of the experimental equilibrium 

 figures obtained by electrostatically charged spheres * sus- 

 pended as pendulums in which the maximum number of 

 electrons was 20, an experimental series obtained with 

 magnets floating on water up to 75 magnets has been 

 published f . It is shown that the groups repeat themselves 

 periodically around the central groupings shown m fig. 2, 

 which accounts well for the periodic system of the elements. 



Fig. 2. 



© © €> & *>®«. ° © © ft% 



• * oo .. v v.* w%v 



Fig. 3 represents the atoms of the first nine series of the 

 periodic table according to these groupings. The outside 

 circle represents the boundary of the positive electricity on 

 the assumption of spherical shape, and the numerous small 

 black dots represent in magnitude the relative size of the 

 electrons. The number of electrons per ring is indicated by 

 the numbers in the lower left corner of each square, the 

 Rydberg ordinals in the lower right corner, and the symbol 

 for the element in the upper left corner. The radii of the 

 rings where electrons are shown are derived from fig. 1, and 

 this arrangement gives on this theory the X-ray spectra of 

 Moseley. Where certain rings are omitted, as, for example, 

 in chlorine, their radii are not obtainable from fig. 1. In 

 chlorine the ring of 6 and the single electron are omitted 

 because the lines lie to the right of ihe K« series. 



Light Spectra. 



One of the pertinent criticisms that may be made against 

 any atomic theory is that it has not accounted for the 

 observed luminous spectra of the elements. Although Bohr 

 has in a brilliant manner given an explanation of some of 



* Loc. cit Plate XL 



t E. R. Lyon, Phys. Rev., March 1914, p. 232. 



