﻿Faraday-Tuhe Theory of Electro-Magnetism. 609 



This last question is of some interest in the theory of 

 atomic structure ; a number of writers have laid stress on the 

 importance of mutual electromagnetic mass, and in particular 

 Harkins and E. D. Wilson * have used this phenomenon to 

 explain the departure of atomic weights from whole numbers. 

 It appears, however, that such an explanation could alone be 

 valid if mutual mass were ponderable. 



12. The theory of Faraday tubes might possibly be em- 

 ployed with advantage in other investigations connected with 

 atom theory. Sir J. J. Thomson t has made several sug- 

 gestions of this nature ; his conception of the electron as 

 possibly simply the end of a single Faraday tube would, of 

 course, have very important consequences if adhered to in any 

 theory of atomic structure. 



Again, if we suppose that electrons and positive nuclei 

 have the property of excluding the tubes of other electrons 

 and nuclei, the attractions between particles of opposite 

 sign would become a repulsion at very small distances. Or 

 we may suppose that some or all of the tubes of an electron 

 in an atom simply end at a nucleus, instead of spreading 

 equally outwards in all directions ; and different states of an 

 atom, with different periods of vibration, might arise according 

 to the number of tubes so connected. Suggestions have also 

 been made as to the application of the theory in connexion 

 with a possible discrete structure in radiation %. 



Conclusion. 



13. It has been shown that the general equation of the 

 Maxwell-Lorentz-Heaviside theory of electromagnetism can 

 be derived as macroscopic consequences of a simple dynamical 

 theory of Faraday tubes. 



This theory also gives explicit and non-contradictory 

 expression to the ideas of electromagnetic stress, momentum, 

 and flux of energy, and an electromechanical picture of 

 radiation explaining the law of uniform propagation in spite 

 of the motion of the source. 



A number of suggestions are made as to applications to 

 the theory of gravitation and other problems. 



Hawke Battalion, 

 Royal Naval Division. 



* Phil. Mag. Nov. 1915, p. 723. 

 t Phil. Mag. (6) xxvi. p. 792. 



t Jeans, " Report on Quantum Theories," Proc. Loud. Phys. Soc, 

 1915. 



Phil. Mag. Ser. 6. Vol. 44. Xo. 261. Sept. 1922. 2 R 



