OF THE HERBARIUM. 181 



form immediately after the second name of the plant : 

 thus, l Sonchus arvensis, Linn.' 1 (for Linnaeus), ' Lastrea 

 cristata, Pr. 1 (Presl), ' Synedra acicularis, W. Sin. 1 

 (William Smith). 



This addition of the author's name should never be 

 omitted, because the same plant is often published under 

 different names ; and, as often, widely different plants are 

 described under the same name. We have an instance in 

 one of the examples given above : ' Synedra acicularis, 

 W. Sm.f is a diatomaceous species found in brackish 

 water, to which the name of Synedra laevis has been given 

 by Klitzing, while, to make confusion worse confounded, 

 this last author's Synedra acicularis is a fresh water 

 species, which Smith calls ' Nitzschia acicularis ; ' so that 

 it is not only not identical with the first-named Synedra 

 acicularis, but actually is a separate genus ! If then, in 

 such a case as this, the student simply gave the name of 

 the plant without that of the author, no one would know 

 which Synedra acicularis was intended, that of Smith or 

 of Kiitzing. Examples of this kind might be multiplied 

 indefinitely. 



To the name of the author should also be added, if 

 possible, the title of the work in which the species was 

 first described, with a reference to the volume, page, &c. ; 

 the whole to be enclosed in brackets. All the longer 

 words to be abbreviated. 



3. A list of the synonyms, or, at least, the more recent 

 ones ; that is to say, the names which have been given to 

 the specimen by authors of repute, in addition to the one 

 by which it is generally known and accepted. These 

 it is usual to place between brackets, immediately under 

 the established name, together with the work in which the 

 synonym was first made known to the world.* 



* So huge has the catalogue of synonyms become, that in many 

 instances it would be simply impossible to recount them without 

 overstepping the limits of any ordinary label ! The common Cysto- 



