﻿128 
  

  

  Mr. 
  S. 
  Kinoshita 
  on 
  Condensation 
  of 
  

  

  fig. 
  5 
  is 
  reduced 
  to 
  the 
  same 
  scale 
  as 
  for 
  the 
  actinium 
  

   emanation. 
  The 
  temperatures 
  at 
  which 
  5 
  and 
  95 
  per 
  cent, 
  

   of 
  the 
  emanation 
  remains 
  uncondensed 
  are 
  similarly 
  given 
  in 
  

   the 
  table 
  (p. 
  129). 
  

  

  Fig. 
  5. 
  (Thorium 
  Emanation.) 
  

  

  CD 
  90 
  

  

  r 
  

  

  O 
  

  

  ^80 
  

  

  ® 
  70 
  

   a3 
  

  

  A 
  50 
  

  

  3 
  40 
  

  

  30 
  

  

  ^ 
  

  

  <1 
  -160 
  -155 
  -150 
  -145 
  -140 
  -135 
  -130 
  -125 
  -120 
  

  

  -£. 
  Temperature. 
  

  

  •115 
  

  

  105 
  -100 
  -95 
  

  

  It 
  was 
  not 
  thought 
  necessary 
  in 
  these 
  experiments 
  to 
  use 
  a 
  

   bath 
  of 
  liquid 
  to 
  keep 
  the 
  temperature 
  of 
  the 
  copper 
  spiral 
  

   constant. 
  The 
  liquid 
  air 
  vessel 
  extended 
  a 
  considerable 
  

   distance 
  above 
  and 
  below 
  the 
  spiral, 
  and 
  the 
  slow 
  rise 
  of 
  

   temperature 
  observed 
  (about 
  1° 
  per 
  minute) 
  allows 
  time 
  for 
  

   temperature-conduction 
  to 
  become 
  steady. 
  In 
  any 
  case, 
  the 
  

   reading 
  of 
  the 
  galvanometer 
  gives 
  the 
  average 
  temperature 
  

   of 
  the 
  spiral. 
  As 
  an 
  indication 
  of 
  the 
  accuracy 
  of 
  the 
  tempe- 
  

   rature 
  readings, 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  noted 
  that 
  the 
  temperature 
  of 
  

   initial 
  condensation 
  of 
  the 
  thorium 
  emanation 
  obtained 
  under 
  

   these 
  conditions 
  was 
  close 
  to 
  that 
  found 
  by 
  Rutherford 
  and 
  

   Soddy, 
  who 
  used 
  a 
  copper 
  spiral 
  immersed 
  in 
  a 
  bath 
  of 
  

   ethylene 
  kept 
  well 
  stirred. 
  

  

  Comparison 
  of 
  the 
  Condensation 
  and 
  Volatilization 
  Temperature 
  

   of 
  the, 
  Thorium 
  and 
  Actinium 
  Emanations, 
  

  

  The 
  experiment 
  brings 
  out 
  the 
  very 
  striking 
  fact 
  that 
  both 
  

   emanations 
  arc 
  so 
  similar 
  with 
  regard 
  to 
  condensation 
  and 
  

   volatilization, 
  that 
  we 
  can 
  hardly 
  distinguish 
  one 
  from 
  the 
  

   other. 
  Curves 
  representing 
  the 
  temperature 
  ai 
  which 
  certain 
  

  

  