﻿Canal 
  Rays 
  from 
  Hollow 
  Cathodes. 
  

  

  179 
  

  

  side 
  by 
  a 
  narrow 
  phosphorescent 
  band. 
  Its 
  aspect 
  is 
  repre- 
  

   sented 
  in 
  fig. 
  20. 
  The 
  red 
  rays 
  B 
  closely 
  resemble 
  the 
  positive 
  

   canal- 
  rays. 
  The 
  facts, 
  however, 
  that 
  their 
  maximum 
  of 
  

  

  Fig. 
  20. 
  

  

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  1 
  1 
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  I 
  WIIII 
  II 
  i 
  c 
  c 
  

  

  mm 
  1 
  1 
  1 
  1 
  i 
  cSv^-^-^pJ- 
  1 
  iiiwiiiii'j'i 
  1 
  1 
  1 
  ' 
  i 
  i: 
  ^Oj— 
  i^\^xmsmmm 
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  1 
  1 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  luminosity 
  does 
  not 
  quite 
  coincide 
  with 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  cathode 
  

   rays, 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  visible 
  only 
  for 
  a 
  short 
  distance 
  from 
  the 
  

   cathode 
  and 
  do 
  not 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  capable 
  of 
  magnetic 
  deflexion, 
  

   make 
  further 
  measurements 
  necessary. 
  The 
  absence 
  of 
  

   magnetic 
  deflexion 
  may 
  be 
  explained 
  by 
  the 
  assumption 
  that 
  

   the 
  positive 
  particles 
  ionize 
  the 
  gas 
  through 
  which 
  they 
  pass, 
  

   get 
  neutralized 
  by 
  the 
  impact 
  of 
  a 
  corpuscle, 
  and 
  travel 
  in 
  

   the 
  neutral 
  state 
  through 
  the 
  magnetic 
  field. 
  

  

  If 
  the 
  red 
  rays 
  prove 
  to 
  be 
  positive 
  rays, 
  we 
  have 
  in 
  the 
  

   last 
  experiment 
  an 
  interesting 
  case 
  in 
  which 
  positive 
  particles 
  

   travel 
  against 
  the 
  field 
  from 
  the 
  cathode 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  anode. 
  

   The 
  question 
  arises 
  how 
  the 
  current 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  electrodes 
  

   is 
  closed. 
  

  

  If 
  we 
  turn 
  the 
  cathode 
  60° 
  round 
  the 
  supporting 
  axis 
  the 
  

   distribution 
  of 
  blue 
  and 
  red 
  rays 
  remains 
  unaltered, 
  the 
  red 
  

   ones 
  starting 
  from 
  the 
  corners, 
  the 
  blue 
  ones 
  from 
  the 
  sides 
  

   of 
  the 
  triangle. 
  In 
  this 
  case, 
  cathode 
  rays 
  form 
  the 
  bridge 
  

   between 
  the 
  electrodes. 
  

  

  If 
  we 
  consider 
  the 
  red 
  rays 
  as 
  positive 
  rays 
  corresponding 
  

   to 
  ordinary 
  canal-rays, 
  and 
  if 
  we 
  take 
  the 
  well-known 
  view 
  

   of 
  the 
  origin 
  of 
  cathode 
  rays 
  as 
  produced 
  by 
  the 
  impact 
  of 
  

   positive 
  particles 
  which 
  themselves 
  are 
  due 
  to 
  ionization 
  by 
  

   cathode 
  rays, 
  we 
  should 
  expect 
  that 
  by 
  cutting 
  off 
  the 
  negative 
  

   rays 
  at 
  one 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  triangle, 
  the 
  red 
  rays 
  from 
  the 
  opposite 
  

   corner 
  would 
  disappear. 
  And 
  that 
  is 
  what 
  happens. 
  If 
  we, 
  

   however, 
  by 
  an 
  obstacle 
  prevent 
  the 
  positive 
  rays 
  from 
  

   escaping 
  from 
  one 
  corner, 
  the 
  cathode 
  rays 
  starting 
  from 
  the 
  

   opposite 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  triangle 
  do 
  not 
  disappear. 
  This 
  fact 
  

   also 
  agrees 
  well 
  with 
  the 
  view 
  of 
  mutual 
  dependence 
  of 
  the 
  

   rays 
  of 
  opposite 
  sign. 
  Let 
  us 
  consider 
  a 
  positive 
  particle 
  p^ 
  

  

  N 
  2 
  

  

  