﻿Measuring 
  large 
  Molecular 
  Masses. 
  511 
  

  

  These 
  give 
  #=512 
  and 
  the 
  molecular 
  mass 
  of 
  the 
  globulin 
  

   ion 
  as 
  11650, 
  so 
  that 
  its 
  equivalent 
  is 
  5825. 
  With 
  HC1 
  

   Hardy 
  found 
  the 
  equivalent 
  of 
  globulin 
  to 
  be 
  5560, 
  the 
  

   sharper 
  results 
  with 
  NaOH 
  indicating 
  5000. 
  Thus 
  the 
  value 
  

   of 
  b 
  has 
  given 
  us 
  values 
  of 
  A 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  equivalent 
  of 
  globulin 
  

   in 
  excellent 
  agreement 
  with 
  the 
  direct 
  determinations 
  of 
  

   experiment. 
  There 
  is 
  good 
  reason 
  for 
  believing, 
  then, 
  that 
  

   the 
  valency 
  of 
  the 
  globulin 
  ions 
  produced 
  by 
  HOI 
  in 
  water 
  

   is 
  2 
  and 
  their 
  molecular 
  mass 
  (weight) 
  is 
  10000 
  (nearly). 
  

   The 
  formula 
  for 
  the 
  globulin 
  ion 
  is 
  CV,i 
  2 
  H 
  817 
  N 
  132 
  O 
  170 
  S 
  4 
  . 
  

  

  Returning 
  to 
  the 
  cases 
  of 
  the 
  globulin 
  and 
  the 
  casein 
  

   compound 
  formed 
  with 
  NaOH 
  we 
  find 
  the 
  marked 
  peculiarity 
  

   that 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  Na 
  ions 
  move 
  unaffected 
  by 
  viscosity 
  of 
  

   electric 
  origin, 
  while 
  the 
  other 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  Na 
  ions 
  and 
  all 
  

   the 
  OH 
  ions 
  are 
  affected 
  by 
  it 
  to 
  an 
  unexpected 
  extent. 
  

   For 
  NaOH 
  globulin 
  6 
  = 
  H"1, 
  whereas 
  for 
  HC1 
  globulin 
  it 
  is 
  

   0*9. 
  For 
  NH 
  4 
  OH 
  globulin 
  it 
  is 
  2'3, 
  whereas 
  we 
  should 
  

   expect 
  the 
  NaOH 
  and 
  NH 
  4 
  OH 
  compounds 
  to 
  have 
  nearly 
  

   the 
  same 
  value, 
  as 
  they 
  do 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  casein. 
  If 
  there 
  

   were 
  an 
  excess 
  of 
  NaOH 
  it 
  would 
  show 
  almost 
  the 
  conduc- 
  

   tivity 
  of 
  pure 
  NaOH, 
  the 
  ions 
  of 
  the 
  excess 
  appearing 
  to 
  

   escape 
  the 
  large 
  viscosity 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  globulin. 
  In 
  reality, 
  

   of 
  course, 
  all 
  the 
  Na 
  and 
  all 
  the 
  OH 
  ions 
  would 
  move 
  under 
  

   a 
  reduced 
  average 
  viscosity 
  of 
  electric 
  origin, 
  but 
  the 
  effect 
  

   is 
  the 
  same 
  as 
  if 
  those 
  equivalent 
  to 
  the 
  globulin 
  suffered 
  the 
  

   full 
  viscosity 
  due 
  to 
  it, 
  and 
  those 
  in 
  excess 
  moved 
  as 
  if 
  free 
  

   from 
  that 
  viscosity. 
  But 
  in 
  the 
  actual 
  case 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  

   equivalent 
  Na 
  behaves 
  as 
  if 
  free 
  from 
  the 
  viscosity 
  caused 
  

   by 
  the 
  globulin. 
  Here, 
  then, 
  we 
  must 
  have 
  an 
  arrangement 
  

   of 
  the 
  Na, 
  the 
  OH, 
  and 
  the 
  globulin 
  ions, 
  such 
  as 
  leaves 
  half 
  

   of 
  the 
  Na 
  ions 
  unconstrained 
  by 
  electric 
  force 
  from 
  the 
  rest 
  

   of 
  the 
  ions. 
  This 
  arrangement, 
  being 
  different 
  from 
  the 
  

   homogeneous 
  distribution 
  assumed 
  in 
  our 
  theory, 
  must 
  be 
  

   the 
  cause 
  of 
  the 
  increase 
  in 
  the 
  value 
  of 
  b. 
  But 
  though 
  in 
  

   our 
  ignorance 
  of 
  this 
  arrangement 
  we 
  are 
  not 
  able 
  to 
  calcu- 
  

   late 
  from 
  b 
  the 
  value 
  of 
  A 
  , 
  and 
  that 
  of 
  B 
  for 
  the 
  globulin 
  

   ion 
  in 
  presence 
  of 
  NaOH, 
  we 
  can 
  use 
  the 
  values 
  of 
  b 
  to 
  

   compare 
  the 
  sizes 
  of 
  the 
  ions 
  of 
  globulin 
  and 
  casein. 
  We 
  

   must 
  first 
  reduce 
  the 
  value 
  of 
  b 
  for 
  NaOH 
  casein 
  from 
  25° 
  

   to 
  18° 
  by 
  the 
  factor 
  M8, 
  thus 
  1-678 
  X 
  1-18 
  = 
  1*98, 
  and 
  then 
  

   with 
  3*1 
  for 
  b 
  in 
  NaOH 
  globulin 
  we 
  have 
  B 
  for 
  casein 
  nearly 
  

   (1-98/3- 
  1) 
  3 
  times 
  B 
  for 
  globulin. 
  If 
  we 
  take 
  10000 
  for 
  the 
  

   mass 
  of 
  the 
  globulin 
  ion 
  in 
  presence 
  of 
  NaOH, 
  we 
  have 
  that 
  

   of 
  the 
  casein 
  ion 
  10000 
  (l-98/3'l) 
  3 
  nearly 
  or 
  2605. 
  With 
  

   the 
  percentage 
  composition 
  of 
  casein, 
  C 
  53'07, 
  H 
  7 
  -13, 
  

  

  