﻿Corpuscular 
  Theory 
  of 
  the 
  T 
  Jiermoelectrie 
  Forces. 
  767 
  

  

  platinum 
  in 
  different 
  gases 
  are 
  atoms 
  or 
  molecules 
  of 
  the 
  gas 
  

   and 
  not 
  positive 
  electrons 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  metal. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  possible 
  that 
  the 
  positive 
  ionization 
  in 
  a 
  vacuum 
  is 
  

   du9 
  to 
  a 
  real 
  constituent 
  which 
  is 
  common 
  to 
  the 
  different 
  

   elements 
  examined, 
  as 
  opposed 
  to 
  some 
  foreign 
  substance 
  

   whose 
  presence 
  is 
  accidental. 
  In 
  this 
  case 
  it 
  would 
  be 
  

   necessary 
  to 
  assume 
  that 
  the 
  ions 
  carry 
  a 
  charge 
  which 
  is 
  

   smaller 
  than 
  the 
  (at 
  present) 
  fundamental 
  electronic 
  charge 
  e. 
  

   This 
  would 
  follow 
  from 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  value 
  of 
  m/H 
  for 
  

   these 
  ions 
  is 
  greater 
  than 
  the 
  atomic 
  weight 
  of 
  carbon, 
  one 
  of 
  

   the 
  substances 
  from 
  which 
  they 
  are 
  produced. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  

   other 
  evidence, 
  as 
  yet, 
  of 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  fractions 
  of 
  this 
  

   natural 
  unit 
  of 
  electric 
  charge. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  proposed 
  to 
  extend 
  the 
  list 
  of 
  elements 
  included 
  in 
  the 
  

   investigation, 
  and 
  to 
  institute 
  other 
  experiments 
  which 
  will 
  

   decide 
  between 
  the 
  preceding 
  alternatives. 
  

  

  In 
  conclusion 
  the 
  author 
  wishes 
  to 
  thank 
  Mr. 
  P. 
  Thomas, 
  

   Instructor 
  in 
  the 
  Laboratory, 
  for 
  his 
  assistance 
  during 
  part 
  

   of 
  the 
  investigation, 
  and 
  also 
  Mr. 
  F. 
  Fisher, 
  University 
  

   Mechanician, 
  for 
  the 
  care 
  which 
  he 
  bestowed 
  on 
  the 
  

   construction 
  of 
  the 
  apparatus 
  shown 
  in 
  fig. 
  1. 
  

  

  Princeton, 
  N.J. 
  

   22nd 
  June, 
  1908. 
  

  

  LXY. 
  On 
  the 
  Corpuscular 
  Theory 
  of 
  the 
  Thermoelectric 
  Forces. 
  

   By 
  Jakob 
  Kunz, 
  Dr. 
  phil., 
  Privatdozent 
  fur 
  Physik 
  am 
  

   eida. 
  Folytechnikum 
  in 
  Zurich 
  *. 
  

  

  Contents. 
  

  

  § 
  1. 
  Potential-Differences 
  between 
  Metals 
  in 
  Contact. 
  

  

  vj 
  2. 
  Thermoelectric 
  Force 
  in 
  unequally 
  heated 
  Metallic 
  bar. 
  

  

  ^ 
  3. 
  The 
  Electromotive 
  Force 
  of 
  Thermoelements. 
  

  

  g 
  4. 
  Peltier 
  effect. 
  

  

  £i 
  o. 
  Thomson 
  effect. 
  

  

  ^ 
  6. 
  Connexion 
  between 
  the 
  different 
  effects. 
  

  

  § 
  7. 
  On 
  the 
  Electric 
  Force 
  X 
  and 
  Pyroeleetricity. 
  

  

  § 
  8. 
  Conservation 
  of 
  Energy. 
  

  

  § 
  9. 
  Resistance 
  of 
  Alloys. 
  

  

  THE 
  theoretical 
  laws 
  of 
  the 
  thermoelectric 
  phenomena 
  

   have 
  been 
  derived 
  from 
  two 
  different 
  theories. 
  The 
  

   electromotive 
  force, 
  the 
  Peltier 
  effect, 
  and 
  the 
  Thomson 
  

   effect 
  are 
  related 
  to 
  one 
  another 
  by 
  thermodynamic 
  formulas, 
  

   which 
  were 
  given 
  first 
  by 
  Clausiusf 
  and 
  Lord 
  Kelvin 
  %. 
  

  

  * 
  Communicated 
  by 
  the 
  Author. 
  

  

  t 
  Clausius, 
  Pogg. 
  Ann. 
  xc. 
  p. 
  513 
  (1853). 
  

  

  \ 
  "YV. 
  Thomson, 
  Edinburgh 
  Hoy. 
  Soc. 
  ' 
  Transactions,' 
  xxi. 
  (1854). 
  

  

  