﻿768 
  Dr. 
  J. 
  Kunz 
  on 
  the 
  Corpuscular 
  

  

  Lord 
  Kelvin 
  even 
  predicted 
  the 
  last 
  of 
  the 
  three 
  phe- 
  

   nomena, 
  showing 
  that 
  in 
  some 
  metals 
  an 
  electric 
  current 
  

   carries 
  heat 
  from 
  the 
  hot 
  to 
  the 
  cold 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  metal, 
  

   while 
  in 
  other 
  metals 
  the 
  transference 
  of 
  the 
  heat 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  

   opposite 
  direction. 
  The 
  experiments 
  proved 
  in 
  a 
  very 
  satis- 
  

   factory 
  way 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  this 
  effect 
  first 
  derived 
  from 
  

   theoretical 
  considerations. 
  

  

  After 
  an 
  interval 
  of 
  about 
  half 
  a 
  century, 
  the 
  corpuscular 
  

   theory 
  of 
  metallic 
  conduction 
  has 
  been 
  applied 
  to 
  the 
  ther- 
  

   moelectric 
  phenomena 
  by 
  Riecke*, 
  Drude 
  f,H. 
  A. 
  Lorentz 
  f, 
  

   and 
  J. 
  J. 
  Thomson 
  §. 
  The 
  results 
  of 
  the 
  kinetic 
  theory, 
  

   developed 
  by 
  Lorentz 
  and 
  J. 
  J. 
  Thomson, 
  agree 
  completely 
  

   with 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  thermodynamic 
  theory, 
  while 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  

   disagreement 
  between 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  Drude 
  and 
  Lorentz, 
  

   which 
  is 
  not 
  to 
  be 
  ascribed 
  only 
  to 
  the 
  different 
  suppositions 
  

   of 
  the 
  calculations, 
  Drude 
  assuming 
  two 
  or 
  more 
  different 
  

   kinds 
  of 
  free 
  corpuscles, 
  while 
  Lorentz 
  and 
  J. 
  J. 
  Thomson 
  

   admit 
  only 
  one 
  kind 
  of 
  free 
  corpuscles, 
  in 
  agreement 
  with 
  

   the 
  fact, 
  that 
  we 
  know 
  only 
  one 
  kind 
  of 
  these 
  minute 
  

   particles. 
  The 
  agreement 
  of 
  the 
  results 
  derived 
  from 
  two 
  

   quite 
  different 
  theories 
  is 
  the 
  more 
  remarkable 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  

   what 
  we 
  should 
  expect. 
  Indeed, 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  corpus- 
  

   cular 
  theory, 
  the 
  thermoelectric 
  phenomena 
  are 
  very 
  closely 
  

   connected 
  with 
  the 
  conduction 
  of 
  heat, 
  taking 
  place 
  in 
  the 
  

   circuit, 
  while 
  in 
  the 
  thermodynamic 
  theory, 
  we 
  are 
  obliged 
  

   to 
  leave 
  aside 
  this 
  conduction, 
  as 
  an 
  irreversible 
  process. 
  

   Therefore 
  the 
  question 
  arises, 
  how 
  the 
  above-stated 
  agree- 
  

   ment 
  between 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  theories 
  is 
  possible. 
  

   An 
  attempt 
  will 
  be 
  made 
  to 
  answer 
  this 
  question 
  in 
  the 
  

   following 
  paper. 
  

  

  According 
  to 
  the 
  corpuscular 
  theory 
  of 
  electric 
  conduction, 
  

   developed 
  by 
  Riecke, 
  Drude, 
  and 
  Lorentz, 
  the 
  currents 
  of 
  

   electricity 
  and 
  heat 
  are 
  carried 
  by 
  negatively 
  charged 
  cor- 
  

   puscles, 
  diffused 
  as 
  a 
  very 
  light 
  gas 
  throughout 
  the 
  metal, 
  

   having 
  a 
  mean 
  free 
  path 
  and 
  a 
  mean 
  velocitv, 
  and 
  exerting 
  

   a 
  definite 
  pressure. 
  J. 
  J. 
  Thomson 
  has 
  lately 
  shown 
  that 
  

   the 
  theory 
  in 
  its 
  usual 
  form 
  requires 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  so 
  many 
  

   corpuscles 
  that 
  the 
  specific 
  heat 
  would 
  exceed 
  by 
  far 
  the 
  

   actual 
  specific 
  heat 
  of 
  the 
  metal. 
  J. 
  J. 
  Thomson 
  has 
  in 
  

   addition 
  proposed 
  a 
  modification 
  of 
  the 
  theory 
  which 
  is 
  not 
  

  

  * 
  Riecke, 
  Annalen 
  der 
  Physik, 
  lxvi. 
  pp. 
  353, 
  545, 
  1199 
  (1898). 
  

  

  t 
  Drude, 
  Annalen 
  der 
  Physik, 
  i. 
  p. 
  566 
  (1900) 
  ; 
  iii. 
  p. 
  369 
  (1900). 
  

  

  % 
  Lorentz. 
  'Proceedings' 
  Acad, 
  of 
  Amsterdam, 
  pp. 
  438, 
  585, 
  684 
  

   (1904-05). 
  ' 
  

  

  § 
  J. 
  J. 
  Thomson, 
  ' 
  The 
  Corpuscular 
  Theory 
  of 
  Matter,' 
  pp. 
  73, 
  97 
  

   (1907). 
  

  

  