564 High-frequency Spectra of the Elements. 



A single inner electron cannot be regarded as likely on 

 any theory. 



Let us suppose, on the other hand, that there is only one 

 ring in the atom, so that 



N(N-4S*) 2 = 360-96. 



The nearest solution is N = 10, which gives 



10(10-iS 10 ) 2 = 376-63. 



Thus the atom of calcium would only contain half the usual 

 number of electrons assumed. By taking other values of t^ 

 and t 2 , we obtain very diverse results. 



Suppose again, that a modification of Bohr's theory is 

 taken, which makes the ring emit a number of quanta equal 

 to the number of contained electrons, when passing from one 

 state to another. Then we can obtain Moseley's solution 

 N = 20, ?i = 4. But it is only one of a whole set of solutions, 

 none of which gives the other X-ray of calcium, obtained by 

 attaching different values to t x and t 2 , and it is obtained on 

 an assumption contrary to Bohr's own theory. 



Moreover, from the considerations given earlier, it does 

 not seem possible to arrange the other 16 electrons in the 

 atom. The supposition of a neutral atom with one ring can 

 in this case be shown to require 57 electrons, which is 

 evidently an impossible number. In conclusion, we may say 

 that even if the factor f were correct, Dr. Lindemann's 

 objection would have considerable force, and, so far as they 

 have been discussed at present, Moseley's observations have 

 shown no relation to Bohr's theory, — though it cannot be 

 argued from this fact that they possess none, or that the 

 theory, in so far as it relates to spectra, is incorrect. 



It appears to the writer that Moseley has really shown that 

 the frequencies of the principal X-rays of the elements are 

 'proportional to the squares of natural numbers. This is a 

 remarkable result which must lead to further knowledge of 

 atomic structure. 



It is evident that further confirmation or otherwise of 

 Bohr's theory should be sought more directly in its application 

 to the further elucidation of the spectra of the simple 

 elements hydrogen and helium, for the whole ordinary 

 spectrum of helium, and the secondary or vacuum tube 

 spectrum of hydrogen remain to be interpreted. The writer 

 hopes shortly to publish the results of a consideration of 

 these questions. 



