584 Mr. A. E. Garrett on Positive Electrification 



positive ions, the charging up effect was in every case 

 increased, the final deflexion of the electrometer being 

 always greater when the field was on. 



When, however, a field of 800, which had previously been 

 found to produce a measurable decrease in the current due 

 to positive ions, was used, it was found that with tempera- 

 tures below 1050° 0. about, the rate of charging up of the 

 quadrants was diminished when the field was on. As the 

 temperature w r as reduced below this limit, the effect of the 

 field became more marked. This was tested to temperatures 

 about 950° 0. 



Above 1050° C. the magnetic field caused an increase in 

 the rate at which the electrometer was charged up by the 

 positive ions, and when the temperature had reached 1200° C. 

 about, the rate with the field on was twice as rapid as when 

 the field did not act. 



These increases in the rate of charging up can be explained 

 by the fact that negative as well as positive ions are produced 

 under these conditions. These ions would cause the rate at 

 which E charged up to be smaller than if positive ions alone 

 were present, so when they are prevented by the magnetic 

 field from reaching the electrode the rate at which it charges 

 up increases. This, however, does not occur until the number 

 of negative ions which are deflected is in excess of the number 

 of deflected positive ions, and this state is apparently not 

 reached until the temperature is above 1050° C. 



It must be understood that the actual number of ions 

 present under these conditions was very much less than in 

 those cases in which the galvanometer w r as used, since no 

 indication of ions of either sign was then obtained in the 

 absence of an electrostatic field. 



From 1050° C. to 1200° C. the rate at which E was 

 charged up in the absence of the magnetic field was practi- 

 cally constant, Avhile the rate with the field on gradually 

 increased. 



This would occur if the actual excess of positives which 

 reached E per second remained constant, and for this to be 

 the case, since more ions are now present, negative and 

 positive ions must be formed in equal quantities, such as 

 might happen when neutral doublets split up. 



It may be that salts which give off an excess of positive 

 ions when heated, at first eject positive ions only. Next, it 

 would appear that doublets are ejected also, and when the 

 salt is raised to a positive potential, or is at zero potential, 

 the quickly moving positive ions may by collision with the 



